The Analysis On Rational Distribution Of China Automotive Industry

Automotive industry is a capital intensive industry, a technology intensive industry and a labor intensive industry. And it is also an industry with higher association and higher benefit from scale economics. According to China Association of Automobile Manufactures, China has gained very good achievements that the whole country has made19,271,800cars and sold19,306,400cars in2012. Compared with2011, the speed was quick but stabilized and it has raised3.8%and1.9%.The quantity of sales and manufactures have broken the record of the whole world that both of them were more than19,000,000.China are at the number one for4years. At same time, with the rapid development of China automotive industry, the automotive industry has taken part in the international division system deeply, and the layouts are closer to the market. At this new round competition, all the giants want grasp more portion in Chinese market. According to the automotive industrial layout features and status of China, this article give a deeply and vertical dividing method, using industrial distribution theories, also considering the experience of abroad automotive industrial developed country and the trend that automotive industry expand to middle and west of China together, that automotive industry have four different but correlated category which include headquarter industry, critical parts industry, car manufacture industry and ordinary parts industry. According to these different characteristics, we want analysis how is the process that different industry has different focus on what elements to give government and enterprise layout guider during the new round expansion and let the automotive industry have a more rational distributing way.Theory of industrial distribution is a theory researching how the industry distribution and combination in selected country or area. Start from German economists Thunen and Weber, this theory has means to guide government and enterprise to take rational industry policy. After Second World War, theory of industrial distribution has gained great development because information industry changed economical operating mode and special location becoming more important in modern industry. In this article,I will mainly introduce some related point about regional economics firstly. The new classical school believes that enterprise can find best location because they want maximum profit. Theory of central geography thinks that locations have different grade in the system. And Losch propose that market net is a more adoptable space distributing construction. Polarization theory insist that development will be happen at a unbalance way, just minority area will absorb more superior resources to develop firstly. From Smith to Krugman, they think classical trade theory or new trade theory to be regional division theory. Gradient transfer theory gives an idea that development will transfer from high gradient area to low gradient area.We also introduced some experience from developed country about automotive industry. First, we will research America which also has vast territory, just like China. America automotive industry has undergone three phases. At beginning, automotive industry appeared from the eastern Great Lakes. Car plants have transferred to the south and coastal area during1930s, and then gathered again because competition from Japanese peers. However, critical parts industry keeps stay at the eastern Great Lakes all the time. German has no transfer form like America because of narrow territory. But if you take German automotive industry to be European industry, you can see that it has transferred to Eastern Europe and Span. Japan also has no transfer form like America because its territory even more narrow. Automotive industry is gathered around the area of Tokyo-Nagoya. Japanese have built more car plant in America in1970s.But many critical parts are imported from mainland supplier, especially high-technological parts.Recently, we have witnessed Chinese automotive industry of great progress. There are six large automotive cluster developed in Yangtze river basin, Bohai bay and eastern and southern coastal area etc. this article give a deeply and vertical dividing method, using industrial distribution theories, also considering the experience of abroad automotive industrial developed country and the trend that automotive industry expand to middle and west of China together, that automotive industry have four different but correlated category which include headquarter industry, critical parts industry, car manufacture industry and ordinary parts industry. According to these different characteristics, we want analysis how is the process that different industry has different focus on what elements to give government and enterprise layout guider during the new round expansion and let the automotive industry have a more rational distributing way.At last, I have given some policy guide for government that we must adopt to globalization and specific of WTO for automotive industry development. The country should exert every aspects superior sources to take part in the global industry chain. During the process that automotive industry transfer to middle and west China, we need build rational layout that is come from scientific research about characteristics of automotive industry taking eastern area experience into consideration.