National Differences、Bank Characteristics And Government Ownership Of Commercial Banks

In recent decades, the various financial crisis around the world triggered a lot of banking crisis, which caused people pay much attention to the corporate governance of bank. At the same time, the academia also began to research this area. The scholars found that the bad corporate governance mechanism will reduce the bank’s competitiveness, cause bank crisis, threat the depositors’ funds, financial stability, eventually lead to social unrest. Because of the externality of banking, the government intervention phenomenon is common around the world. There are two main types:the first one was called external supervision of banks, the government set up the external regulators to do that work, namely daily financial regulation, but because of the difference of each country environment, the external regulatory effect was different; Second, the government stakes in Banks, become bank shareholders, Participate in the bank’s decision-making, and so-called the government ownership of banks, which is more widely in reality.At present, the most micro-level evidence of the academia support the political views of the government ownership of banks, but the macroeconomic effects of government ownership phenomenon lacked of sufficient evidence. Accordingly, whether we can maintain the bank government ownership is subject to political views? If used the government owned banks micro-level performance indicators generally weaker than the evidence of the private bank as the only criterion, to support the political views, there is a problem (Yeyati, e. a. Micco&U. Panizza (2004)). There are two reasons:the first, all the banks of the government performed more executive orders, the money of the bank was used to the social goals of industry, which was low output, high risk, but improved the social welfare; Second,"development point of view", pay much attention to the social and economic objectives and social welfare, not concerned about the operational efficiency of bank itself. So, according to the current research evidence, we cannot simply deny the development point of view and support the political views.The main content of this thesis is:The first chapter is the Introduction part:It briefly elaborated the research background, research significance.The second chapter is literature review:It mainly reviewed the academic research related to the bank ownership. According to the academia’ theoretical and phenomenon confusions, we put forward a new research perspective.The third chapter is the theoretical model:We build a unified mathematical model for the first time to demonstrate the influence factors of the government ownership of banks, and tried to explain the following questions by strictly derivation in mathematical:Why government ownership of banks is a widespread phenomenon? Why government ownership of commercial banks in developing countries is more common than in developed countries?The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis:This part according to some important propositions of the theoretical models and select1059listed commercial banks of the global to empirical analysis, hoping to prove the following questions from the empirical:Both the bank’s characteristic and the environment differences of countries affect the proportion of government owned banks.The fifth Chapter is conclusions and recommendations, We get the conclusion of this paper through the theoretical model derivation and empirical analysis, put forward relevant policy suggestions based on the results of the study; After summing up the innovation of this paper point as well as the lack of research methods and ideas. Finally, we shall look forward to the future research direction. The main conclusions of this paper are:The first, the bank’s assets has a positive significant influence to the government shareholding ratio on the bank. The second, after considering the difference of the multinational system environment, we found that if a country have a high degree of marketization, the government ownership are smaller. At the same time, there is no commercial law system countries stake has obvious influence on the government.