The Study On Sugar Monopoly In China’s Jiangxi During The Anti-japanese War

This thesis mainly based on the local historical data, for example, archiveliteratures and county annals. It expounded the background of the sugar monopolysystem and the actual situation of operation in Jiangxi in the period of Anti JapaneseWar, and the impact on the local society in Jiangxi and the National Government. Asa new policy and new business, the sugar monopoly was of great significance to ourcountry’s present the new policy reform from the policy system to the actualoperation of whole process.In the Anti-Japanese War period, military expenditure was huge; fiscal revenuesdecreased drastically; the property prices soared; deficit is alarming. Faced with suchtough economic situation, the National Government specified the sugar monopolygoods in order to increase the fiscal revenue, curb prices, and ensure munitions, etc.So he sugar monopoly system emerged as the times require.The sugar Imports had been blocked because of wartime. Coastalsugar-producing provinces was in the fall, these factors provided favorableopportunity to the development of Jiangxi sugar industry. and under the situation ofthat time, the Jiangxi province had a special military strategic position, well known as“front of the rear, rear of the front.” resolutely in Jiang. On9thOctober,1942, Sugarmonopoly authorities in Fujian and Jiangxi areas was founded. Jiangxi, set up fivesugar monopoly bureaus, located in the Jian, Linchuan, Nankang and Shangrao, etc.At the system level, National Government regulated: the sugar monopoly beentaken the principle of producing by the civil, purchasing by officer, transporting byofficer (commercial), and the national Government imposed a30%monopolyinterests according to the purchase price. In order to promote the smoothimplementation of the sugar monopoly, National Government performed in rigorousnorms on the formulation of rules and regulations, not only for sugarcane farmers, sugarcane manufacturers in the production, purchase, transportation and sale etc, butalso in the selection of the employees, attendance and other details with a clearstipulation. But at the same time, also noted that as a new policy---the sugarmonopoly was not plain sailing. In the actual operation, it had to implement theprinciple of “official purchase”, so as to entrust businessmen as purchasing agency.However, it impacted the effect on the implementation of the monopoly, and therealso encountered a lack of talent, sugar shortage, and other grassroots radical posingcredit dilemmas in Jiangxi, etc.Although sugar monopoly policy had been applied for two years, its effects cannot be ignored. On the one hand, it was beneficial to the national government toincrease the fiscal revenue, promote the development of local by-products such asalcohol industry, and make a certain contribution to the lasting war; on the other hand,it was against the market value rule, damaged the interests of sugarcane farmers,sugarcane merchants and sugarcane consumers, and led to decrease of sugarcaneproduction, close down of sugarcane merchants, and the inhabitation of sugareconomic development Jiangxi; and in the long run, It was detrimental to the image ofthe national government in the public mind.