Research On Balancing Energy Consumption Based On Non-cooperative Game Theory In Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, the improvement on sensor technology, modern networks technology, and wireless communication technology has promoted the development of low energy consumption and multifunctional wireless sensor network(WSN).WSN is an infrastructure-less network which has a large number of tiny sensors that can sense, process and transmit data through wireless communications. With the development and maturation of WSN, it has a wide application such as prospect military, environment science, health care and space exploration.WSN is highly energy-constrained because low-cost sensors are powered with limited-energy, non-rechargeable batteries. Due to the limitation of this fact, in the design of WSN, how to make the utmost of the limited energy to maximize the network lifetime is a severe challenge. As we all know, the difference in the transmission distance among the sensors in WSN and the varying complex wireless communication environment will both have influence in the conditions of the sensors. If some nodes deplete their battery too early, WSN will reduce the entire coverage and transmission functionality.Energy balancing is an effectively promising technique in enhancing the lifetime of a wireless sensor networks. The basic idea is that fairly assign the transmission responsibility according to the sustainability of nodes to avoid the early battery depletion of the nodes so that it will enable the network to maintain the coverage.Firstly, this paper introduces the research background of sensors’ energy consumption and related previous work in WSN, and then it mentions about the Game Theory briefly. In order to achieve energy balance in WSN, the sensors’ load should be fairly allocated according to the residual energy levels. The high residual energy levels sensors should take more transmission responsibility and the low high residual energy levels sensors should take less transmission responsibility.In the paper, we model the forwarding transmission load assignment in WSN as a game, then designed utility function, derived the Nash equilibrium to maximize its own payoff. Additionally, in order to ensure the quality of services, we incorporate the penalty mechanism, just in case the sensors choose not to transmit the collected data to conserve energy, which may lead to the breakdown of WSN, Finally, it turns out that the life of the WSN can be prolonged in such way.As we all know, cluster-head consumes more energy than the common node. In order to balance the energy consumption caused by the cluster-head. In this paper, we modeled the cluster election into a game. The cluster-head always consumes more energy than normal nodes. So we compute the probability by the lifetime of the nodes. To balance the energy expenditure, we reduce the chance as cluster-head. In this way, we found that the energy consumption of each cluster-heads sensor can be balanced, and therefore prolonged lifetime of the network.