Research On Preserving Users’ Identity Privacy Protocol In VANET

VANET (Vehicular ad hoc network) is a new-type of multi-hops mobile wireless communication network composed of vehicles and roadside infrastructure units. As an important specific application in the field of intelligent transportation, VANET shares the traffic and vehicle information, improves the perception of traffic environment, predict the possible risk and avoids road traffic congestion through the communica-tion between R.SU and OBU and the communication among OBUs. In this way, VANET can effectively improve traffic safety and efficiency, and solve the problems of existing traffic accidents and road congestion fundamentally. Therefore, VANET is a promising application and highly worthy of being studied.With the rapid development of information science and technology, all kinds of applications are continuously enriched in VANET. These applications could ensure the public traffic safety and improve the traffic efficiency, but at the same time VANET is vulnerable to be attacked and used by illegal users due to the openness and fragility of wireless communication network. This not only violates the privacy of le-gitimate users, but also may cause serious damage to reputation, property and even the safety of human life. Network security is indispensable foundation and prerequi-site to the deployment of VANET, and privacy preservation is a basic problem of the research of privacy protection in VANET. So designing an effective privacy protection authentication mechanism on the topic of information security and privacy issues be-comes the key factor to further practicability and long-term development for VANET.A wonderful authentication protocol could protect users’ privacy effectively, and at the same time prevent a variety of attacks from opponents in order to improve the security of VANET. Authentication is primary problem to be solved in the research of information security and privacy issues, summarize as that the verifier can authenti-cate users’identity without leaking any information about users in the procedure. It not only satisfies the requirements of the verifiability, integrity, non-repudiation for information security, but also ensures the privacy of the message sender’s identity, and this is the focus and the difficult part of the work. Based on the analysis of the requirements and characteristics of VANET, we take a discussion and research on the topic of authentication and privacy issues in VANET. The main work of this paper is as follows:(1) We proposed an identity-based anonymous authentication scheme in VANET to preserve users’ identity privacy. This scheme achieves the goals of mutual anony-mous authentication not only between Road Side Unit (RSU) and On Board Unit (OBU), but also between OBU and OBU. The proposed scheme uses the technology of identity-based cryptography, such that the system does not need the load of man-aging public key certificates and further the units does not require the additional computations to verify the other’s certificate yet. Finally, we proved the security of the proposed scheme and analyzed its complexity. The analyzed results show that the proposed scheme is not only secure, but also easy to implement since it needs low costs in both computation and communication complexities.(2) Concerning to the problem of preserving users’ identity privacy during the process of authentication in VANET, an anonymous authentication scheme without cryptography was proposed. The scheme constructed an anonymous authentication model based on the basic theory of solving linear equations without employing any symmetric or asymmetric cryptosystem, which to avoid disclosure of the identity in-formation during the process of anonymous authentication. Besides, the proposed scheme not only satisfied the requirement of anonymous authentication between RSU (Road Side Unit) and OBU (On Board Unit), but also ensured the anonymous authen-tication among OBUs. The results of the security and complexity analysis show that the scheme is secure and efficient, and needs low costs of computation and commu-nication.