The Analysis And Simulation Of Indoor Wireless Localization Algorithm For Firefighters Based On UWB

With the rapid development of data and multimedia industry, the demand for indoorpositioning is gradually increasing. Especially in recent years, the fire accident happens frequentlyin large buildings or large construction sites. Many people’s life and property have lost because offire. It’s also a great threat for firefighters who have to enter the scene of the fire. Compared withthe general indoor environment, multipath effect will be obvious at the scene of the fire due tomaterial type, layout and other factors in the building. It will cause the path loss of direct waveand instability of channel. If high-precision indoor positioning can be realized in the scene of thefire, it will further guarantee the safety of firefighters.Nowadays, there are many common indoor positioning technologies, such as ZigBee, RFID,Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ultra Wide-band (UWB) and so on. Compared with other indoor positioningtechnologies, UWB has its own features, such as the low transmission power, High-precisionranging capabilities, strong penetration, wide coverage, high-precision positioning etc. Even in theface of the complicated indoor environment, it may also show strong anti-interference ability andhigh positioning accuracy. So this thesis chooses UWB technology as the basis, to meet thedemands of high-precision indoor positioning of firefighters at the scene of the fire.The thesis selected IEEE802.15.4a channel model as the UWB indoor multipath channelmodel. It can provide the channel parameters of different indoor environment for positionsimulation. Then Matlab software is used to generate the UWB signal of transmitter and receiver.According to the Wylie identification algorithm the None-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) Base-Stations (BS) can be identified. Based on the reference nodes with higher reliability, the time difference ofarrival between reference nodes and destination node can be updated. We will get more accurateinitial position estimation to ensure the convergence of following algorithm. At the same time, themost reliable reference node is chose to calculate the angle between this node and destination node.The paper proposes a hybrid TDOA/AOA location algorithm of Taylor Series expansion toachieve the three-dimensional location of the destination node. Finally, using Matlab GUI tocomparative and analyze the simulation results of two/three dimensional localization algorithms.Compared with other algorithms, the results proved that the hybrid algorithm has higher accuracyand shows its advantage of indoor positioning at scene of the fire.