Research On Quantum Secure Multi-party Computation And Its Application In Military Meteorological Of Private Information Retrieval

Secure multi-party computation (SMC) is an important part and hot field of modern cryptography, the main objective of it is to complete the following computing tasks:in a distrust distributed network, two or more participants wish to compute a specific function under the premise of the protection of their privacy data. SMC shows a big potential for the applications in the areas of data mining, scientific computation, electronic transactions, information retrieval, computational geometry, etc.The combination of quantum information science and SMC gives birth to a new research area—quantum secure multi-party computation (QSMC). Different from SMC which is based on unproved computational complexity of mathematical hard problems, QSMC introduces excellent features of quantum information science, so it achieves enhanced robustness, security and computation efficiency. In theory, QSMC has the properties of unconditional security and detectability of eavesdropping, so it provides new thoughts and methods for secure computation.In modern society, meteorological information has become an important strategic resource in a country, it plays increasingly important status and roles in the state and society. The outcome of modern warfare depends on not only the politics, diplomacy, economy, military and some other factors, meteorological conditions and meteorological information resource have also an extremely important influence on the outcome of the war. In some special conditions, meteorological conditions and meteorological information can even determine the outcome of the war.Based on these, for the sake of guarantying security, increasing computation efficiency, decreasing complexity of implementation, and simplifying operation, we did much theoretical studies on QSMC. Security hole of the first quantum private comparison of equality (QPCE) protocols were found and revised; two novel QPCE protocols based on superdense coding of asymmetric W states and entanglement swapping of Bell states were proposed; by utilizing multi-particle GHZ and3-dimensional single-particle states as information carrier, a multi-party QPCE protocol and a quantum private comparison in size (SQPC) protocol was proposed, respectively; and firstly attempt to apply quantum private information retrieval to information security protection of military meteorological. To be specific, the main contributions of this thesis can be concluded as follows: (1) Analysis and improvement the security flaw of first QPCE protocol (YW09protocol); with the quantum logical circuit language, a circuit framework was designed to construct three-qubit asymmetric W state. Based on this three-qubit asymmetric W state, a QPCE protocol was proposed. The analysis of security and efficiency shows that this protocol can effectively resist all kinds of common attacks and have higher efficiency; by utilizing the properties of entanglement swapping of Bell states, another QPCE protocol in which unitary operations were not necessary was put forward. In this protocol, two participants only need to make Bell-basis measurement and do some exclusive-OR operations. Thus, it simplified operation and reduced the difficulty and cost of implementation.(2) Research on some more general multi-party QPCE and two parties SQPC problems. By utilizing multi-particle GHZ state as information carrier, a multi-party QPCE protocol was proposed, it allows n participant’ private information to be compared within one protocol execution. By using3-dimensional single-particle states as information carrier, a SQPC protocol of two participants was proposed, compared with other similar protocols, this protocol not need to prepare d-dimensional entanglement state. Therefore, it is more simple and feasible in physical realization.(3) By introducing a quantum private information retrieval protocol and applying it to the field of information security retrieve of military meteorological. This is the first time that applying QSMC in the field of military meteorological security, and this will give some new ideas to protect information security of military meteorological.