A Research On Ecological Adaptive Selection Of Rural Settlements In Typical Farming-pastoral Zone

Farming-pastoral zone is also called the transition zone between cropping area and nomadic area, the original idea was "farming-pastoral transitional zone", which mainly includes southeast edge of Inner Mongolia Plateau and the north of Loess Plateau. Its vegetation types and ecological landscapes are unique and highly vulnerable to human activities, and it’s a one of fragile and sensitive areas of ecological environment in China. Since the new China was established, the regional population burden aggravated gradually and the relation between people and land has became increasingly serious in the background of climate change, rain fall and evaporation increasing.Yan-chi county exists in the typical farming-pastoral zone of northwest China, is a transition zone in terrain, climate, soil, vegetation, and resource utilization.The transitional creates natural environment vulnerable.Along with the deterioration of the natural environment and the further strengthening of human disturbance in recent years, the threaten factor of ecosystem stability in farming-pastoral zone was further improved.The spatial distribution of rural settlements was multiply checked by the natural geographical environment and social economic factors, also reflected the farmers adaptive selection on the ecological environment.This study based on man-land relationship theory, using statistical analysis and classification method, Using Yan-chi county in farming-pastoral zone as the research object, on the macro scale, using Arcgis spatial analysis methods, spatial point pattern research methods such as random block method, studies natural geographical features is given priority to the terrain and the social economic characteristics in population, roads, land use change on the influence of the rural settlement spatial pattern and main influence factors;On the meso scale, using farmers interviews and participatory survey method, understand the farmer’s view on the land quality evaluation;On micro scale,using field sampling and laboratory analysis, understand the typical village soil properties and the land option.The results show that:1. The study about the ecological environment change and human adaptability in NingShanMeng farming transition region, is human response to the climate and environment change in long scale, which can be seen the fluctuation of the dry and wet climate on the scale of thousands or hundreds of years;In meso scale is the dynamic evolution of land use structure and adaptation of human activities on the ecological environment change;Small scale is the understanding of interaction of ecological system components, characterized by precipitation, temperature, soil, biological diversity,etc.2. Rural settlements is aggregate distribution in Yan-chi county on the whole(ICS> 0), as the scale of t narrowing, aggregation degree obvious appear banded together trend, but the trend opposite in north and south; rural settlements distribution shows" sparse in north and intensive in south" characteristics, opposite to the population density distribution.3. Rural settlement is formation a typical "by terrain" type, the settlement distribution highly dependence on terrain area;The influence of natural factors on rural settlements are weakening, human activities changed the original settlement distribution pattern.The natural conditions such as topography determines the overall spatial distribution pattern of the existing rural settlements, but the climate and the traffic conditions, land use also has an important influence on the existing rural settlement space distribution pattern.4. As sampling analysis to the three natural regional division of natural villages, significant difference was found in different land use types of soil quality, the experimental results broke the original sample classification standard, from agricultural land to grazing land, from the north to south, classification is more and more unconspicuouss. Each natural village in different natural geographical partition has different dominant factor in land choice, the soil texture is leading in the north and the topography is leading in the south.5.The analysis indicators of soil physical and chemical properties in different land use types, it can be seen that the soil particle size, organic carbon, total phosphorus and total nitrogen content reflect the soil quality in northern to the southern are gradually getting better, significant difference between soil moisture in different land use types, the natural geographical conditions and the main soil physical and chemical properties of analysis indicators correlation performance good in sample point.