A Research On The Industrial Education In Anhui Province In Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China (from 1903 To 1922)

In the late Qing Dynasty, under the influence of industrial salvation thoughts and a series of reform policies of the government of Qing Dynasty, Industrical Education was officially formed. Industrial Education is different from the traditional education and the teacher education,it mainly refers to the agricultural education, industrial education and commercial education. Students can learn lots of knowledge and skills about agricultural,industry and commercial in the Industrial schools.After they graduated from industrial schools,they can be engaged in simple or professional industrial work.The purpose of Industrial Education is to cultivate practical talents for the society,to promote industrial development, and to promote the progress of the society.In 1904, the government of Qing Dynasty promulgated the "Open School Charter", Which formulated the industrial education system including elementary agricultural-industrial-commercial schools, medium agricultural-industrial-commercial schools and high agricultural-industrial-commercial schools. This was the first time that Industrial Education was incorporated into the education system as an independent education system. After the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the government of the Republic of China continued to pay much attention to the Industrial Education, issued a series of laws and regulations such as "Industrial School Decree", "Industrial School Rules" etc., to standardize the development of Industrial Education all over the country. Under the impetus of the government policies, the Industrial Education in Anhui Province began a vigorous development in around 20 years from 1903 to 1904.In the late Qing Dynasty, the Anhui Industrial Education was mianly in the preparatory stage and start-up stage, but formed a relatively complete system of Industrial Education. Anhui Industrial Education made lots of achievements at the end of the Qing Dynasty.In the early of Republic of China, Anhui Industrial Education was in succession on the basis of the achievements gotten in the late Qing Dynasty, continued to move forward quickly. From 1912 to 1916, due to the lack of funds, the insufficient attention of education administration and other various reasons, the Anhui Industrial Education was in the stage of slow development,the results of Industrial Education development are not very obvious. From 1917 to 1922, the development of Anhui Industrial Education ushered in a period of rapid development and got much more achievements. A number of industrial schools were set up.From 1912 to 1922, the Anhui Industrial Education was from the preparation stage to the office early stage to slow development stage and finally obtained the rapid development. It has experienced a tortuous development process.In recent years they are some research on Industrial Education during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China in Anhui Province,but these studies merely focused on some aspects or against a Industrial School.On the whole, these studies are still quite weak, no system and need to be supplied. By collecting and sorting out the national education policies, laws, regulations and Anhui’s newspapers,magazines, local chronicles and other relevant historical materials, conducting a comprehensive analysis and interpretation on them, using the historical and logic methods to research Anhui Industrial Education during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, this article presents the overall perspective and summarizes the characteristics and laws of the development on the Industrial Education in Anhui Province during this period.This article is divided into four parts to show the industrial education in Anhui Province during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The first part discusses the development background of the Industrial Education in the late Qing Dynasty, combing the founder of the situation of the Industrial School in the late Qing Dynasty, to explore the reasons of industrial education developed difficultly. The second part detailedly analyze the reasons and manifestations that the Anhui industrial education developed slowly and the development of the second Class A Provincial Agricultural School for the specific case to discuss development from 1912 to 1916.There is a comprehensive analysis of the background and remarkable achievements about the significant development of Anhui industrial education from 1917 to 1922 in the third part.And there is also a case study about the planning process, school management and teachers and students progress of the third Class A Provincial Agricultural School.The fourth part combined with the whole development of the Anhui industrial education situation in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, summarizes the social development performance and limitations of Industrial Education in this period.Among them, the social performance is mainly reflected in: the industrial schools had improved their management,the curriculum became more and more reasonable,the qualities and quantities of industrial teachers had been improved obviously.The limitations of development mainly are:the development imbalance between the south and the north of Anhui Province;the development imbalance among the agricultural education,technical education and commercial education,technical education was the most backward;the development of women’s Industrial Education was seriously lagging behind.At the end of the article,make a brief summary about it.It is clear that Industrial Education in Anhui Province has made a lot of remarkable achievements attracting people’s much attention during the two decades between the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early of the Republic of China.During this period,the Anhui Industrial Education has formed a relatively complete education system, has promoted the development of the agricultural, industrial and commercial, has changed the people’s mian idea about education, and has great accelerated the progress of the society.All of these were worthy of our approval.At the same time,there are also a lot of deficiencies of the Anhui Industrial Education.For example, student employment problem has not been solved well; a large number of students were not so interested in studying the knowledge and skills of Industrial Education.All of these deficiencies need to be solved urgently in the development of Vocational education in Anhui Province in the future.