The Research On The Supply Predicament Of Chinese Rural Compulsory Education

Compulsory education is not only the core of a country’s national education system,but also the cornerstone of national development. It has mandatory, universal, publicwelfare and other characteristics. Popularizing compulsory education is helpful toimprove the overall quality of our national, to promote the economic, social andcoordinated urban and rural development, and to build a modern national educationsystem with Chinese characteristics, and to build a learning society is of great practicalsignificance and far-reaching historical significance. More than half of elementary andjunior high schools are located in rural areas, major gaps in educational developmentand reform appears in rural areas. The development of rural compulsory education inChina is facing a serious dilemma.Compulsory education as typical public goods, has significant positive externalities,it not only benefits the residents of this region, but also society as a whole, whichdetermines the supply of the main body of the compulsory education should be thegovernment departments. Although the countries of the world vary widely in thepolitical system, economic system and cultural traditions, but without exception,government becomes the core subject of compulsory education supply. Theimprovement of the supply of rural compulsory education is not only the practical needsof China’s economic development, but also the government’s obligatory task. In recentyears, the state has adopted a series of policies to increase the input of rural compulsoryeducation, the schooling of rural children has basically been resolved. But due toChina’s management system deficiencies of rural compulsory education, problems in thetax system reform process and other reasons, there are still many deficiencies in thesupply of rural compulsory education.This paper is mainly consisted of four parts:Part one: This paper from three perspectives (government, market, and the thirdsector)to analyze the supply predicament of rural compulsory education in China,mainly as follows: the total lack of rural compulsory education investment; the unevensupply of education between urban and rural, and between regions; market-orientedreform in compulsory education has made the education even more unfair; a seriousshortage of donation to education by citizens.Part two: Based on the supply predicament, this paper moves forward a single stepto analyze the reasons that breeding these predicament: the institutional weaknesses of the government in the supply of rural compulsory education; defects ofintergovernmental transfer payments of compulsory education in rural areas; misreadingof the market-oriented reform of rural compulsory education; lack of an effectiveincentive mechanism to donation behavior.Part three: International comparison of education policy. As we all know, theschool education system in the modern sense originated in the West. In order toconsolidate and develop this system, the Western countries have accumulated abundantexperience in education policy and legislation of education. Their successful experienceand fail lessons worth us to learn from and assimilate. This paper chooses the UnitedStates, Japan, France and Australia as a typical representative of compulsory educationsupply mode, to analyze the experience and lessons in their supply mode of compulsoryeducation, intergovernmental transfer payments, as well as the division of work betweengovernment, the market and the third sector.Part four: in order to step out from the supply predicament of the rural compulsoryeducation, this paper applies the methods of the theory and real analysis, qualitative andquantitative analysis, comparative analysis and others to study the supply predicamentof China’s rural compulsory education, and by contrast to international success behaviorand practical experience in the supply of rural compulsory education, suggests to takethe following countermeasures: clear responsibility-sharing mechanism betweengovernments in rural compulsory education, and establish a supply management systemof rural compulsory education, which means the main supply body of rural compulsoryeducation should be the provincial government; increase central transfer payments torural compulsory education, and establish an incentive mechanism between central andlocal; the functions of government should be clear positioning, and give full play to itsfunction of regulation of the market; strengthen supervision and management of thesocial contributions of funds, in order to promote the development of our educationalgrants career.