The Evolution Of Marx’s View Of Justice And Its Enlightenment

The paper studies the evolution of Marx’s view of justice, the reason of its evolution, and based on those, studies its enlightenment.The paper recommends Leo Strauss’s definition of Liberalism view of justice, regarding it as a view about justice that after Machiavelli, and developed by Hobbes, Rock,Rousseau and so on. Until Marx’s age, Utopian socialism ideologists’and petty bourgeoisies’views of justice all belong to Liberalism view of justice. When Capitalism sprouted, Liberalism view of justice grew. Until the contemporary age, it is still very popular. According to the research of Marx’s view of justice, the author concludes that there is a huge distinction between the Liberalism justice and the "substantial justice" pursuit by Marx. Liberalism justice is based on abstract theory of human nature, while the substantial justice in Communist Society, pursuit by Marx is out of class differences, and it is a state of complete justice among people and nationalities. Liberalism is a kind of logic "ought to be" which can be used to blind or ease social conflicts temporarily, but it can’t be reached in reality.while substantial justice is based on certain materials, in reality, which can be pursuit by practical revolutionary activities. It is full of Materialism and Practicalness.There are three parts in this paper, the first part is the principal part which describes the evolution of Marx’s view of justice very minutely. From "Doctoral Dissertation" to "Rhine Newspaper" period, Marx agree with Liberalism justice mainly, but his view about justice was already full of the color of Materialism and Practicalness; From "Critique For Hegel’s Law Philosophy", Marx started to critique Liberalism justice from its inside mode of thinking, until the "Economic and Philosophy Manuscripts in 1844",the inside critique reached to the deepest degree. From the "German Ideology", with Marx’s mature of Historical Materialism, Marx, began to critique Liberalism justice from the sight of Historical Materialism, and he outlined the state of Substantial justice and its way for realization. The second part of the paper discusses the reason for the evolution of Marx’s view of justice. The author analyses the reason from Marx’s personal factors, changes of background faced by Marx, and the influence from other people. In author’s opinion, one knows how it is, still need to know why it is so. Only one knows "how" and "why" can understand it synthetically. Based on two parts above, the author summarizes the enlightenment from the evolution of Marx’s view of justice. The enlightenment is divided into two aspects:theoretical aspect and practical aspect.