From Nationalism To Liberalism

Based on Zhang Foquan’s political commentary and books in the1930s to the1960s,The paper expatiates his thoughts of liberty and human rights before1949and after1949, theevolution of Zhang Foquan’s liberty and human rights by contrast, the reasons for theevolution combining with the historical background, the contemporary significance of ZhangFoquan’s liberty and human rights combining the reality of our country.To strive for independence and freedom of the country, modern Chinese intellectualsunanimously chosen to learn the system of the politics, economy, culture in Western countries.The concept of human rights is the product of the modern Chinese intellectuals learning thewestern civilization. Although the concept of civil liberty has been introduced into chinaearlier and become a powerful ideological weapon in modern China for Chinese fighting forindependence freedom of living environment. But based on the unfavorable situation, humanrights does not have a profound impact in China as in the West, the modern Chineseintellectuals don’t consistently choose human rights as a basis to construct the politicalphilosophy system. How to focus national ideology, national power to join the national war ofdriving the Japanese imperialist aggressors is the main issue dominated modern Chineseintellectuals thought.In view of the above backgrounds, the earlier Zhang Foquan unified the individualliberty and nationalism, Zhang Foquan’s earlier liberty and human rights shows nationalism,is the nationalism view of human rights. He espoused nationalist, thought that the nationalismand liberty from the same source, nationalism was a necessary condition for freedom. Heencouraged citizens identity modern nation, advocated citizens established consistent nationalconsciousness, encouraged citizens performance political obligation, performed politicalobligation for liberty and rights. After1949, he camped on the liberal side. Zhang Foquanfrom the internal perspective of human rights, interpreted the value and meaning of liberty, toprotect the fundamental rights of citizens. The late Zhang Foquan believed that the personshould enjoy basic rights based on reason and consciousness, the state was not normalsubjects of rights, the existence of the state to establish and guarantee the basic rights ofindividuals. He systematically explains the liberty and human rights of citizens, realize thebasic right of the citizen strenuously.The Earlier Zhang Foquan emphasized citizens identity the nation, do citizens was equal to man, emphasized national political obligation, advocated of national duty to get freedomand rights, from the heart of identity the nation, participate citizen autonomy, try to make thepeople have become active citizens of modern states, citizens in the political state is toindividuals in civil society. The late Zhang Foquan limited of the country and the society,emphasized citizen’s inner freedom from political interference in the country, advocatedindividuals should enjoy basic human rights, protecting the basic rights of citizens was theresponsibility of the government, Zhang Foquan’s liberty and human rights thought changed.Influence of nationalism of modern China intellectuals and China was based on domestictrouble and foreign invasion, Zhang Foquan chose to nationalism to integrate national power,let people access to liberty and rights in the process of seeking free and independent nationand autonomy. In1949, Zhang Foquan came to Taiwan with the KMT, facing Results in twoCentury Wars, tense international situation, authoritarian rule in Taiwan, the liberty andhuman rights of citizens suffered severe persecution, Zhang Foquan awaked to the liberty andrights of citizens suffered an unprecedented crisis in today’s world, make him went to thehuman rights camp of building relying on the liberty and rights liberalism theory of Britishand American.Both Foquan’s previous nationalism human rights or late liberal human rights, provideguidelines to the construction of human rights in contemporary China.The later Zhang Foquanclaimed the government ensure the basic rights of citizens, advocated limited political nationand society, suggest the country should strengthen the protection of fundamental rights ofcitizens, remove the obstacles in the realization of the basic rights of citizens in the process ofdivision, the government should reduce intervention of economic freedom, let the citizens freeto the accumulate wealth in the market, let people have more opportunities to create their ownlife; the early Zhang Foquan emphasized the citizen should actively involve in politics, lateradvocate support human rights in county by duty in moral world, suggest that we mustcontinuously improve our awareness of human rights, actively implement basic rights.