The Change Of Attitude In The Early Republic Of China National Congress

In modern times since the end of Qing Dynasty, China faced decayed regime and invasions from other countries and suffered national crisis badly so that people of insight strived to get China out of these predicaments and started to take some steps. Since the end of the 19th century when the thinking of modern Western Congress was introduced to China, the creation of the Congress and the implementation of constitutional politics had become the political faith of citizens and was considered to be the best choice to get rid of these predicaments and to save the national crisis. Thus the concept of Constitutional government spread widely and massive constitutionalism movement took place in the late Qing Dynasty,with the implementation of constitutional politics as their core. The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty. At the early years of the Republic of China, the concept of "sacred Congress" prevailed among people,who had political enthusiasm for congressional politics and put infinite hope on it. However, during three years from its foundation till 1913 when the first session of the Congress was abolished by Yuan Shikai, the Congress was blamed by all people and discouraged most citizens. A consensus had been reached that Congress can not be set up. As a result, society with parliamentary system died out actually. Changes of attitude of citizens towards Congress is indeed one of the key factors responsible for its doom. This paper mainly analyzed changes of attitude of citizens towards Congress in the early years of the Republic of China from the following five parts:Introduction:This part focuses on the significance of the topic, the research status at present domestically and internationally, research methods and research materials.Chapter 1:The introduction and development of the Congress before the Republic of China. This chapter mainly analyzes the introduction and development of Congress and its main ideas as well as citizen’s view about them upon the end of the Republic of China.Chapter Ⅱ:Attitude of citizens towards the Congress before the first session of Congress. This chapter mainly analyzes the reason why the concept of "the omnipotence of Congress" become the main trend. That is because the citizens was eager to save China through the imitation and graft of Western system during the introduction of the Congress and the its first session when faced with huge pressures and anxieties.Chapter Ⅲ:Attitude of citizens towards the Congress during its first session till its abolishment. This chapter mainly analyzes a change of attitude of citizens towards Congress.Congress was no longer considered all-powerful, instead, it received widespread criticism during this period. Combined with the social status of Congress and historical background at that time, a detailed analysis focuses on the causes of the change and its effects.Conclusion:This part mainly makes an overall evaluation about the changes of citizens towards the Congress from above mentioned aspects, in order to examine the constitutional concept of constitutional political twists and turns in the development of modern Chinese in China, complex and difficult.