| Whistleblower protection has long been a topic of discussion and research, particularly regarding its legitimacy, definition, and historical legal development. The 2013 ad hoc "Edward Snowden Affair" raised public awareness and inspired debate about the importance and challenges of whistleblower protection. The general ineffectiveness of domestic whistleblower protection shows the need for an international framework to offer protection to whistleblowers whose information disclosure is not protected in their home country. This study represents the first attempt to explore current established international legal mechanisms available for whistleblower protection, as well as the trends for their future development. In addition, this study analyzes the functioning of extradition treaties and asylum laws as representative international legal mechanisms for whistleblower protection reflected in the Snowden Affair, including the uncertainties and political risk embodied in these mechanisms. In order to improve international whistleblower protection in the future, this study recommends two main ideas. First, a unified, independent, and neutral international legal institution is needed to offer more accountable and sustainable whistleblower protection. Second, existing international organizations should simultaneously develop their efforts in both educational outreach and practical assistance to whistleblowers. Overall, this study finds there is a strong need to support further development of a more effective and robust international Legal framework for whistleblower protection. |
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