The Research On Governance Dilemma And Cooperation Resolution Of NIMBY Under The Risk Perspective

The study of the characteristics of NIMBY is the premise of governing it. The modern era is full of uncertainty and risk crisis. The risk society becomes an important character of globalization and risks are infiltrated into all aspects of contemporary society. Nowadays NIMBY itself emerges new features without exception. Investigating NIMBY on the perspective of risk theory, it could be better understood the particularity of NIMBY. And the investigation indicates NIMBY definitely has something inside in common with the feature of risk.On the one hand, the risk is not only the objective reality, but also subjective construction. The perceived risk of NIMBY facilities recognized by the public may arise which is also based on the subjective construction of objective risk. Different people have different acknowledge about the risk of NIMBY; on the other hand, risk is complicated and uncertain. With the development of science and technology, NIMBY facilities are more high-tech than before while the risk will be more complicated and uncertain.The governance of NIMBY is now in trouble owing to its particularity. Through the analysis of Yuhang event and the characteristics of NIMBY, the governance dilemma of NIMBY embody in three aspects:First, the "Organized irresponsible "exists. Because NIMBY risk is co-created by multi-agent, there is dispersion of risk responsibility. And under the bureaucracy, the relevant institutions will shirk responsibility resulting in the organized irresponsible existing.Second; the trust in government will reduce. Risk is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity. As a social amplification stations, the public and media will spontaneously construct risk. So the objective risk is gradually integrated with the subjective contents which creates a variety of rumors and destroys trust in government. Third, the risks of NIMBY facilities are mostly highly complex and uncertain. And these features break the monopoly of scientific rationality. The government - expert decision model is no longer convincing so that the public will spontaneously use the "Sub- politics" to broaden the political boundaries and digest government authority.There are two reasons why traditional governance model on governance of NIMBY are in trouble. First, on the theory of governance, the government only adapted technological rationality and excluded social value, resulting in the closure of the decision-making model and the consequences deviating from the public. The characteristics of NIMBY determine the decisions must be integrated technological rationality and social value. Otherwise it will affect the outcome of publicity.Secondly, on the governance model, the control of the Government’s performance-oriented leads to the governance failure. NIMBY properties indicate that the object under the traditional governance model is no longer controllable, which is mainly reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, the public attitude is no longer controllable because of the increasingly well-developed network of media and subjective construct. On the other hand, the risk of NIMBY facilities may no longer controllable due to the high-tech. In addition, the bureaucracy of the government also reflects its shortcomings like inefficiency and the emergence of the organized irresponsibility. So, this governance model attempting to control uncertainty through certainty and dealing with opened risk through closed control has failed. The technological rationality and control-oriented governance model must be replaced by corporation which is more opened and emphasized the subject of diversity and equal participation. And the corporation is consensus-oriented which the ultimate goal is to increase public interest. This kind of cooperation is the necessarily path to integrate technological rationality and social value and the inevitable choice to substitute governance failures.The first step to resolve the plight of NIMBY through corporation is reshaping the value of corporation subjects, including the repositioning of our public responsibility and cultivating the publicity as well as creating a common spirit of trust in government. Under the guidance of this kind of value, the cooperation to resolve NIMBY will be achieved through the right defining the risk, timely and effective communication and participation in decision-making.