Chastity Commendationasic Recorded In “Qing Dynasties Record”

The conception "Lie nv",which refers to groups of women, generally have two meanings regarding "list of women" and "chastity female". From the scripture "Biographies for Women" written by Liu Xiang(born in Western Han Dynasty), to the fixed style of "Biography of Women" in official history writings,the word "Lie nv" actually experienced a shrinking process, that the meaning of "Women’s list" secedes and that of "chaste women" remains. In other words, the ways that women can be written in history becomes narrower and narrower. The "Clear records of Qing Dynasty",which is the basic historical materials of Qing research concerning women’s issues,has a large number of records in the Commendation of Women In the text,it contains not only records of chastity women, but also that of other types of women. Therefore, this article takes "Lie nv" as “lists of women” and tries to figure out the common situation of “chastity women”and other types of women like Prolific women,during the reign of Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties.Currently,scholars generally believed that female appraising System was formed in the Han, improved in Sui and Tang, mastered in the Song Dynasty, committed to the peak of chastity in Ming and Qing Dynasties At the meantime,the chastity conception also became strict and religious. The question then is, how to prove the "peak" thesis, how exactly is the specific circumstances of “peak”thesis like? On the basis of senior scholars, the paper adopts quantitative historical research methods to the collection, analysis and research of "clear records of Qing Dynasty ", local chronicles and Eight Banners chronicles during the reign of Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties Through text analysis and comparative study, the article attempts to answer questions above from a quantitative point of view.Overall, the text is divided into three parts- introduction,main body and conclusion The Introduction summarized the significance of the topic and its values in academic history, try to solve the paper framework problem and define the concept and other issues; The text is divided into seven chapters, the first chapter reviews the history of ancient female Commendation system;chapter two,three and four are the main content of the article, and describes female commendation information of three Dynasties from two ways- "annual summary records" and "disaggregated records",the former.includes”Xiaofu,”Xioanv”,”Zhenxiao”,”Shoujieheli”,”Fuwangxunjie”,”Weihuns houzhi”and“Baisuishouminfu”;the latter is divided into four types-regions, status, family role, commendation reason and all-in-one memorial archway commendation Chapter V of the summary record and comparative analysis of the first three chapters; Chapter VI is doing some comparative analysis on women commendation in local chronicles and Eight Banners chronicles during the reign of Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang Dynasties from regional and ethnic perspective of comparative analysis, trying to understand the relationship between central and local governments on this issue; the seventh chapter clear the basic line of the women appraising system in ten dynasties through comparative analysis, outlines the basic features of women commendation of the Qing Dynasty;the last comes to the concluding section, summarizes the key points of the paper.Through analysis and comparison research, basic ideas of this paper are as follows: Ming and Qing Dynasties are experiencing both a period of strict and religious concept of chastity women, and the peak of women appraising system. the peak period of the Qing chastity has two peaks: the first peak occurs in the Qian-Jia-Dao period, Daoguang dynasty comes toward the high point;the second occurs in the reign of Xianfeng, Tongzhi,Guangxu,Tongzhi Dynasty is the high point. Women commendation in the Qing dynasties is again expanding its unprecedented scale and impact by comparison with former dynasties. Women commendation in the Qing Dynasty is with hierarchical, randomness, seasonal, and relative return characteristics, and forms a structure of Manchu-Han dual system Women commendation in the Qing Dynasty is not only a academic problem, but also has warning significance for today’s society marriage and gender relations.