A Research About The Anti-illiteracy Campaign In Tongren, Guizhou In The 1950s

At the beginning of the founding of China, in order to adapt to a variety of great political reforms and economic constructions, the CPC Central Committee carried out a campaign of literacy all over the country. The first National Education conference for workers and peasants in September 1950, further clarified the basic tasks of education for workers and peasants on the basis of "China people’s Political Consultative Conference common program"(hereinafter referred to as the "common program"). Then a large-scale mass cultural revolution was sprang up after that conference., The State Council of the CPC Central Committee issued the "decision" of wiping out illiteracy in 1956, the literacy education was regarded as a political task, this decision promoted the development of the literacy campaign. To response to the call of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a vigorous campaign was carried out to eliminate illiteracy combined the regional histories and characteristics of the people in Tongren, Guizhou. The specific implementation of the literacy campaign, was not only recognized and accepted by the minority in Tongren, but also united the masses of the people, and changed their feudal and backward educational concept fundamentally. The improvement of the literacy level played a very important role in political reform and economic construction in that area, which has been consolidated the regime in the Tongren, Guizhou. In this paper, we conducted a preliminary study on several main aspects of literacy campaign in Tongren in the 1950 s by a large number of resources from archives of Guizhou Province, Tongren City and several counties, finally we summarized the effects of the literacy campaign and enlightenment of literacy education in the future.This paper is composed of introduction and main body in the logical organization.In the part of introduction, we expounded the reasons and significances of this topic, collated and reviewed on the research status, and determined the research ideas and research methods of this paper. finally, some related concepts were defined.The first part was about the background and the plight of the anti-illiteracy campaign in Tongren area in the 1950 s. This part mainly introduces the background of anti-illiteracy campaign and plight in the implementation process of anti-illiteracy.The second part was about the setting up of lead agencies of anti-illiteracy campaign. This part was mainly elaborated a series of normal anti-illiteracy agencies and temporary anti-illiteracy organizations were set up to carry out the literacy campaign more effectively, this agencies and organizations had been ensured the effective implementation of the literacy campaign during this period.The third part was about the anti-illiteracy textbooks and content of courses compiled according to the practicality. This part mainly stated that in order to carry out anti-illiteracy campaign effectively in the 1950 s, the anti-illiteracy textbook and content of courses were compiled linked with the area practicality, characteristics of this people, and the needs of people in their production and life.The fourth part introduced the establishment and training of the team of literacy teachers. This part mainly introduced how to establish and train the literacy teachers in a large scale to carry out the literacy campaign in Tongren, and set up a team of teachers meeting construction cause’s of socialism needs.The fifth part stated the teaching methods according to local conditions. This part of the paper was to explain the flexible and standardized teaching methods were adopted according to characteristics in different areas.The sixth part was about a variety of forms of financing channels and standardized management systems. This part mainly talks about a variety of different financing channels and gradually standardized management systems under the leadership of the government in Tongren in 1950 s.The seventh part summarized the effect and enlightenment of the literacy campaign in Tongren in the 1950 s. This part mainly summarizes the achievements of literacy campaign in Tongren in the 1950 s.Discussion through the full research, summed up the experience, and provide reference and inspiration for the literacy education in the new times.