| The democratic wave swept through the Southeast Asia after the Second World War. Myanmar established the parliamentary democracy in 1948, but it fell through and was instead by the military dictatorship in 1962. Myanmar’s military government had carried out certain reforms since the twenty-first century. What makes Myanmar run counter to the trend of the democracy and Myanmar’s military junta keep in power in the long term are the reasons that the author writes this paper. The paper will be based on the development and evolutions of Myanmar’s politics after its independence. The author will explore the uniqueness of the military junta in Myanmar, interpretate the status of national issues in the political transitions of Myanmar, and dig the important factors that affect the political development of Myanmar.The paper is divided into four parts, there to expound the basic course of the political development of Myanmar after its independence in the first three parts, and then analyze the changes of the regimes in Myanmar. Myanmar experienced two times of political changes during the period. "Burmese to socialism" was a military dictatorship essentially, and it was a major setback for democracy in Myanmar’s politics. The new military government came to power, and tried to resolve the national and democratic issues peacefully since 1988. At the same time, it made the necessary reforms in politics and economy. Thein Sein came to the civilian government in 2011. And the development of Myanmar’s politics goes toward the democratic direction, but the military junta is still dominating the national politics.The fourth part is to grasp the basic factors that affect the political development of Myanmar from the macro-view. Internally, the economy is the foundation, the military junta is the leader, minorities are the key, the struggle of democratic parties is the impetus. As far as the international powers are concerned, they are mainly involved in ASEAN, the close neighbor-China, the distant neighbor-Japan, the superpower-America. The US began to impose sanctions against Myanmar in 1988, and was the main source of the new military government’s foreign pressure. The Myanmar policy of ASEAN was from "the Non-interference" to "the Constructive Engagement". Japan has maintained relative close relationship with Myanmar, and adhered to the sanction of the assistance to the new military government in order to promote its democratic reforms. China insists not to interfere in the internal affairs of Myanmar, and expresses the hope that Myanmar could steadily promote the democratic politics in peace.The conclusion of the paper points out that the following problems have to be solved in the political development of Myanmar, that is, economic issues, national issues, and the relationship between military groups and democratic parties. At the end of the paper, the author believes that the situation of the leadership of military group in Myanmar’s politics will not be changed in a short time, and Myanmar’s democratization has a long way to go in the complex internal and external surroundings. |
