On A Negative Expression Based On Components Of Speech Event

Negative attitude is an important object of language expression, there are many kinds of negative expressions in spoken Chinese, and one negative attitude may have different expression forms, among which those with negative mark "bu(不)’Tmei(没)”are more common. Some forms can express speakers’negative attitude without obvious negative marks. Those expressions are attended by many scholars, this paper pays attention to one kind of negative expression without negative marks, like Feihua(废话)/hushuo(胡说)/’Shenjinbing(神经病)and so on. According to the force of those negative expressions, this paper builds a hierarchy system of negative express based on components of speech event. Based on this system, we can know a movement mechanism:negating one component of a speech event can negate another component of this speech event. Specifically, this paper is divided into the following parts.The first part is to confirm research objects and define its negativity. Through the comparison of examples, we find that different forms have something in common. They both negate the felicity. If speakers judge some components of utterance are not felicity, then they use these forms to express the negative attitude. If these forms do not negate the content directly while expressing the subjective emotion strongly, we call them "not to ask/say which is not felicity" negative expression.The second part is to analyze the feature of meta-Iinguistic negation of research objects. According to the standard of Shen Jiaxuan(沈家煊)(1993), negation includes semantic negation and new meta-linguistic negation, the former negates truth conditions of sentences, and the latter can be divided into five kinds. Three of them which is about the whole utterances,speech acts,speakers, have not researched in the rage of meta-linguistic negation. Through analyze the differences and similarities between meta-linguistic negation and research objects of this paper, we find research objects have the feature of meta-linguistic negation, however, its scope of negation is broader, like the kinds in new meta-linguistic negation.The third part is to build a hierarchy system of negative express.Through analysis of both meta-linguistic negation’s features and how it reflects negation in negative expressions, we can expand the range of language reflexivity. After associating it with the components of speech event, we build a four levels hierarchy system of negative express according to the feature of negative, they are namely, content/utterances ontology/speech acts/speech event, negating one component can negate another component.The fourth part is to analyze "not to ask/say which is not felicity" negative expression. According to the hierarchy system, we choose one component in each level, which correspondingly are not to ask/say which is not felicity. Negative expression is divide into three kinds:negate verbal form、negate speech acts、negate speaker.The fifth part is to analyze one typical expression Feihua(废话)We analyze its negative meaning, pragmatic value, subjectivization, and pattern of utilization. Feihua(废话)is a expression to negate the whole utterances, but in specific context, it does not only negate the whole utterances, it also negates elocutionary act and content, these three meaning is right to movement mechanism of this hierarchy system, disproving its rationality.The last part is the summarization and analysis of innovation point and deficiency in this paper.