Study About Tombs Of Song Dynasty In Anhui Area

At present, the Song Dynasty archaeological research focused on large-scale sites, tombs of emperors and large area, little on micro-region. A large number of Song Dynasty tombs with various types have been founded and unearthed since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which spread all over Anhui Province. However, the comprehensive and systematic study is still lacking. Based on the published archaeology materials after 1949 about Song tombs in Anhui province, I analyse their tomb structure and grave-goods with the method of archaeological typology, then conclude the main developing way of these tombs during Song periods. Anhui area can be divided into three cells, and the tombs features of each region have been clarified. Based on this, the cultural factors of tombs, the social situation and the historical factors of the development and evolution of the tombs are preliminarily discussed.The first chapter of this thesis firstly clarifies the source, the time and space scope, and briefly describes the archaeological excavation and important tombs of Song dynasty in Anhui in three stages, then reviews the achievement of academic research and sum up the priorities and deficiencies of the research on Song tombs in Anhui at the current. This paper aims to make systematically study on Song tombs in Anhui, and reveals the law of its development and the cultural landscape which are reflected.The second chapter uses the method of archaeological typology to make a detailed analysis of burial shape of Song tombs in Anhui. First of all, according to the differences in burial building materials, these tombs can be divided into four categories:earthen pit tomb, brick-chambered tomb, stone tomb, and brick mixed building tomb. Then this chapter divides each category into different types to sort out the law of the development, sum up their burial shape characteristics, analyze special funeral customs and its meaning in tombs’ shape, and discuss the cultural factors in detail.The third chapter uses the method of archaeological typology to make a detailed analysis of funeral objects which unearthed from Anhui Song tombs of different types, such as porcelain remain, gold and silver remain, bronze remain, iron and tin remain, pottery remain, lacquered and wooden remain and so on, to frame their approximate appearance. By reaching the quantity, variety and quality of funeral objects, this chapter discusses the development of handicraft industry, social inequality and overflowing phenomenon of Anhui in the Song dynasty.The fourth chapter is the staging study of Song dynasty tombs of Anhui. According to the research of second and three chapters, the unearthed coins, bronze mirrors, epitaphs which are funerary objects have dating significance, Anhui Song tombs can be divided into three periods. The first period is from 960 to 1022 A.D. The second period is from 1123 to 1127 A.D. The third period is from 1027 to 1279 A.D. Through this process, we can find out the characteristics of each period and build the time frame of the development. Then combined with the historical background of each period, explore the impact of the political situation, governing ideas, economic and cultural development on Anhui Song tombs.The fifth chapter is mainly about the research on each small region of Anhui Song tombs. Firstly according to the burial shape, characteristics and different combination of funeral objects, Anhui Song tombs can be divided into three small regions such as north of the Huaihe river and the hills in the middle of Anhui, Anqing area, southern district. Then the chapter summarizes the basic characteristics, the similarities and differences of the development of each area. The three districts basically share the same law, all have the four burial shape and similar funerary objects. The difference is not large between each zone. These tombs which in the first region not only have the northern culture factors, but also possess the style of the southern tombs, present the characteristics of the cultural mix. Others have obvious style of the southern culture.