| Nehru’s concept to China in 1937-1949 and policy towards China can be divided into two stages by India independence in1947. The first stage is the golden period of cooperation between China and India, which Nehru’s visit to China in 1939 and Chiang kai-shek’s visit to India in 1942 are landmark event in this period. In the second phase, Nehru’s attitude and policy to the Chinese nationalist party(KMT) government is constantly changing. In view of the personal friendship between Nehru and Chiang kai-shek and the Chinese nationalist party’s support for the independence of India, it is certainly no doubt about Nehru’s friendly attitude to the Chinese nationalist party government. But as the Chinese nationalist party government gradually lost in the civil war, Nehru’s attitude to the Chinese nationalist party government started to change. While the Chinese nationalist party government failed, Nehru evaluation of Chiang kai-shek and the Chinese nationalist party government further decreased, even he said the Chinese nationalist party government was very corrupt and reactionary. Because Nehru don’t want to be in awkward position when he was dealing with the communist regime in the future as a result of the relationship between he and the collapse of the Chinese nationalist party government.Before the independence of India, Nehru’s thought perhaps included some idealistic factors. However, with the birth of the emerging nation, Nehru’s all thoughts and actions are based on the India’s national interests and the core factor of his thought is ideal of great powers, which is to shape India into a world power and restore India to its rightful place in the world civilization. After the independence of India, Nehru always believed that the future peace of Asia mainly depended on the maintenance of friendly relations and cooperation spirit between China and India. Therefore, the relationship between Nehru and the Chinese nationalist party(KMT) government was very friendly once, and he has sought to win the trust of the new regime when the Communist Party took power. Nehru recognized that India could not survive in a hostile splitting Asia, and this is the fundamental reason for keeping him in cooperation with China, both the Chinese nationalist party and the communist party in power.It is not obvious that Nehru’s ideas on China made an impact in the beginning of the Indian independence, because in the treatment of China, there were still differences between the top of India. But Nehru were aware of China’s influence and potential all along, and he sympathized and supported China’s War of resistance against Japan. Also he realized that China changed great in the international status after the victory of the war. It was meaningful that Nehru was friendly to the Chinese nationalist party government, because not only the Chinese nationalist party and the Congress party long-term had friendly intercourse, and the cooperation was very important for the two countries. Nehru friendship with the communist party of China was only superficial, Nehru needed to cooperate with China to achieve his great power dream that India led African and Asian countries in the post colonial era. Also he needed to maintain friendly relations with China in order to reduce the northern border defense pressure, so that it can concentrate on the possible attack from Pakistan. At the same time, Nehru hoped to be friendly with China in exchange for China’s concessions on the border and the Tibet issue.Nehru wants to develop friendly and cooperative relations between China and India, but in dealing with specific issues related to Sino-Indian relations he excessive pursuit of India’s national interests. It exist structural contradiction between the belief that Nehru’s Sino-Indian co-operation dominates Asia and the policy of excessive pursuit of national interest. It determines that the Nehru’s friendship with China is only superficial and is bound to be difficult to continue. |
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