Study On "Zai+N+Shang/Xia" Of Modern Chinese

There are a lot of such structures of "prep+noun+ locality noun" in Chinese. They occupy an important position and have brought widespread attention to the scholars. From the Chinese language of facts, according to the observation and analysis of the corpus, mainly research comprehensively and describe specifically the structure of "zai+N+shang/xia".Introduction mainly explains the object and range of study, summarizes simply the research results of the scholars, and meanwhile narrates the practical significance, theoretical basis and corpus sources. The main part of this paper consists of three chapters:The analysis "zai, shang, xia"on the structure of "zai+N+shang/xia"; the syntactic analysis on the structure of "zai+N+shang/xia"; the semantic analysis on the structure of "zai+N+shang/xia".In modern Chinese, the structure of "zai+N+shang/xia" involves the preposition that is the product of grammaticalization of the verb. So, it needs firstly to classify of the preposition and the verb. Based on the research results of the scholars, defines the standard of judgment between the preposition and the verb of this paper. The preposition "zai" initially as a verb, means existence, and as a preposition in the pre-Qin period, usually appears in front of the noun and introduces the time and the location. According to the strength of the attachment to the locality noun, the noun is classified. Moreover, there is a simple comb of the historical evolution of the locality noun "shang, xia".The syntactic analysis mainly analyzes the looming nature of the preposition "zai" and the locality noun "shang, xia", paying attention to the classification of nouns, the Chinese syllable rhythm and the influence of pragmatic habits on the "shang, xia". The looming natures of the preposition "zai" have three types:must present, must be hidden, and can be hidden. The preposition is hidden usually in the existential sentences, but it is very complex in the non-existential sentences, needs further study from the syntactic, the semantic and pragmatic points.The semantic analysis of "zai+N+shang/xia" in modern Chinese mainly focuses on its basic meaning, extended meaning and the asymmetry between "zai+shang" and"zai+xia". The basic meaning is explained by figure and language materials. The extended meaning is derived from the basic meaning of metaphor. The basic meaning of "shang, xia" is different; naturally the pragmatic meaning will be asymmetric.The conclusion part summarizes the hidden nature of the preposition "zai", the locality noun "shang, xia"in the structure of "zai+N+shang/xia", the basic meanings and extended meanings, and the pragmatic meaning in modern Chinese.