| China has a history of 5000 years as a civilization ancient, and left us a lot of valuable non renewable cultural heritages 。 The living condition of the cultural heritage not only constitute the profound cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, also carrying the gene of Chinese national and cultural origins. Paper relics is the epitome of the ancient Chinese civilization and progress. Beacause heritage physical properties of the material, make them particularly vulnerable to acid, alkali, illumination, temperature, humidity, mold and other factors influence and become yellow, become crisp, moldy, aging, adhesion, which affect the mold most seriously. Mold spores in the air at a suitable temperature, pH, humidity conditions will be on rice paper on the growth and reproduction, and secrete large amounts of organic acid and pigment etc., these metabolites will make the paper acid increases, mechanical strength decreased, forming different color mould, not only affects the sightly effect serious can destroy all of face.A large number of data indicate that remove mildew paper relics is an important and difficult problem to the domestic and foreign experts in cultural relics protection, so far, there is still no maturereliable method that can be learnt from. In the process of the research work of Liaoning Provincial Museum, the protection of that Qing Dynasty calligraphy works of Xuan paper cultural relics is our main object. Under the premise to ensure lossless heritage,the mildew simulation research on mildew ingredients and mildew cleaning method was conducted to provide scientific basis for the control of mold and the protection of paper relics.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:1. Fungal recovery, separation, purification and identification of strainsBy recovery, separation and purification of the molds on calligraphy works mould strains selection of five strains of purified fungi were identified by ribosomal 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Five strains were determined from the molecular level No.1 and No.2 belong to Talaromyces amestolkiae (HQ026745). No.3 belonged Alternaria spore fungus Alternaria eichhorniae strain(KC146356), No.4 and No.5 strains were the same species as Penicillium genus Penicillium chrysogenum strain (HQ026745).2. Enzyme complex detergent screening and cleaning optimizationDue to artifacts are too valuable to be directly used for test, so before the study of cultural relics mould was simulated, and the used for next step extraction mildew composition and cleaning.First producing yellow Penicillium inoculation to the rice paper, the fungal hyphae processing, regard mould as the research object, respectively by TLC analysis, amino acid analyzer to analysis the polysaccharide, amino acids and other ingredients measured the sugar group become galactose, glucose, fructose, xylose, mannose. Amino acids in mildew samples are samples were much higher than in the control, about 20 to 30 times higher than that of the control sample, in which alone mildew samples can detect cysteine, isoleucine and histidine. There were no proline and tryptophan in both of them.3.Biological enzyme compound cleaning agent screening and index detectionFor mildew of polysaccharide and amino acid analysis results, use papain, trypsin, alkaline and protease as main enzyme preparation, and then select the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate (AEC), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO9), dodecyl poly glycoside (APG) three kinds of surface active agent and protease complex and comprehensive whiteness, gloss, tensile strength, acid and alkaline index,it was found that in papain and AEO9 complex system, the mildew removal effect is the best. After cleaning pattern whiteness rose 5.58, pH close to neutral, gloss and tensile strength have no significant difference as the control group. |
