The Research On Jiuxi Garrison Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties

With the establishment of the Ming Dynasty Hongwu years, Wei-so system had been applied across the country.For this reason, Wei-so research had been an important branch of Chinese ethnology. In order to strengthen the control of Miaoman in the northwestern area of Hunan and protect the safety of the post-roads, Ming’s royal government created Jiuxi garrison in the Hongwu period of 23(1390). The garrison not only defended chieftain around, but also formed a buffer zone and natural barrier between chieftain area and states and localities. On the basis of field investigation and literature information,the article discussed the course of the establishing and abolishing the Jiuxi garrison from the MingDynasty Hongwu years to Qing dynasty yongzheng eight years(1730).The full text is divided into five parts as follows.The first chapter "introduction" section :the author not only introduced the origin of the selected topic and carding on the current situation of the research on Wei-so in many aspects, but also introduced the theory of research methods, ideas and the main content. Meanwhile, the author expounded the basic profile of field study, which was in Jiuxi village, Chili county.The second chapter :the author discussed the historical background and process of Jiuxi garrison’s setting. At the beginning of Ming dynasty, Jiuxi garrison was set up because of the prevention of Miaoman, supervisory control of chieftain and protecting the safety of the post-roads together with its particular geographic location and the precious opportunity of suppressing the insurrection About the nature, the author agreed that it had a hybrid structure with Shitu garrison and the combining of Han and Yi system.The third chapter mainly studied Jiuxi garrison’s transition process from Jiuxi garrison to Anfu county. After the Qing Dynasty was founded, bureaucratization of native officers in the south-west in Yongzheng years because of the need of national defense construction. With the advance of bureaucratization of native officers, Jiuxi garrison was abolished in Yongzheng eight(1730), and Anfu County had been set, which completed the transformation of the jurisdiction of the administrative way. At the same time, the Qing government had green army replaced with the Wei-based, which realized great revolution in the military system, and had the Li and Jia household systems in the counties and states replaced with Qijia systems in the garrison, which realized great revolution in the grass-roots management system.Chapter four mainly studied the process of variance from military land store to civilian store. The military land store is the very important part in Wei-son system of Ming dynasty. After the establishment of Jiuxi garrison, the sergeant opened up wasteland. From the available data, the wasteland of Jiuxi garrison was widely distributed. In addition to a small amount which was distributed on the city of Jiuxi garrison, a large number of wasteland distributed between the surrounding counties,which was complicated.Chapter five mainly studied the development of inhabitant constitution because of immigrants. From the existing data and field survey, there were more immigrants swarming into Jiuxi garrison in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, which was based on the military immigration in the earlier stage and folk spontaneous migration in the later period. Of course, the Communication between the immigration and the aboriginal promoted the development of the region. This paper suggests that the distinctive policy to the local minority caused military families as the "native" itself, which was renamed Tujia in the later 50’s ethnic identification.In conclusion, the paper discussed many aspects about Jiuxi garrison in the Ming and Qing Dynasty such as creating background, establishing process, characters and so on, which recovered the historical process of Jiuxi garrison in the Ming and Qing Dynasty and provided an example for Wei-so research. The author hoped the research can expand Wei-so research, which was the purpose of the study.