The Middle East Oil Policy Of The United States In Eisenhower Period

The theme of this thesis is the Middle East Oil policy of the United States in Eisenhower period. This text describes the generated background,content,features,effects,and the influence of relevant policies from the historical perspective. It consists of three parts:Part 1: It describes the political situation in the Middle East before the President Eisenhower and the oil game among the US,Soviet and the UK.The Middle East district has an important status in the fierce rivalry for the traditional geo-politics in the fierce rivalry.It links the Western countries and the Far East,and controlling the Middle East can contain the Soviet Union effectively,thus controlling Eurasia.In the epoch increasing oil demand,fighting for the Middle East district has the new connotation.The country who wants to control the oil must control the Middle East.On the other hand,World War II directly caused the European crisis.In order to save Europe,the United States implemented the Marshall Plan.The Marshall Plan would be the first to solve the oil crisis.At that time the United States faild to provide enough oil sources.Therefore,the United States had to begin a large-scale development of the Middle East oil.Thus,American President Truman must formulate a suitable oil policy in the Middle East to achieve USA national interests, and the oil game in the Middle East is starting too.Part 2:It describes the Middle East oil policy enacted by President Eisenhower who was concerned about the problems in the Middle East.He not only inherited the reeasonable composition of the oil policy from Truman who had formulated in the Middle East,but also introduced of a new Middle East oil policy.As the nationalism became more and more powerful in the Middle East,he adopted a peaceful diplomatic way to grab the oil interests instead of blindly depending on force. Therefore,he won the tangible benefits.The focus of the U.S. policy is to contain the Soviet Union,which services dominate the Middle East Oil resources for its own.Besides,he advocated the peaceful settlement about the the Suez Canal War,and curb the regional expansion of the Egypt by means of diplomacy.He developed the "Oil Rescue(Oil Lift)" acclivities to resolve Europe’s oil crisis.At home,he introduced mandatory oil import quota program to put down the national crisis which was cause by the excessive use of oil from the Middle East.In addition,He applied“ the Eisenhower Doctrine”,He formed a military alliance,and Large—scale support for Iran,etc.These series of Oil politics effectively maintenanced the national interests of The United States.Part 3: In this part I evaluate the gain and loss of the the Middle East oil policy enacted by the Eisenhower.The Middle East oil policy in the Eisenhower the corresponding effect had been achieved. The United States controlled the oil resources,stablized the European oil supply,curbed the tendency of USSR’s penetration into the ME. However,because of the excessive intervention in the Middle East affairs,The United States pursued the policy of hegemony, But damaged to its own vested interest. the conflicts in the Middle East worse and worse,made the situation in the region in turmoil,slowing down economic development.The Middle East had become the frontier of the cold war between The United States and the Soviet Union,and come into being the balance of power and confrontation.The oil producing countries by the injustice went to the joint, established the OPEC.The OPEC planned oil embargo crisis In 20 th Century 70’s,destroyed the oil system The USA founded.It was a new Era of petroleum.therefore,the the Middle East Oil policy of the United States is a hegemonism oil policy.