Toward Freedom—A Study On Urban Life Of Blacks In Southern America In Gilded Age

America’s "Gilded Age," referring to the United States from the end of the Civil War to the early 20 th century American history. In this period, the United States has a highly developed capitalist industrialization, the rapid growth of domestic capital and wealth, but also performance during this period of American society emptiness, contradictory, the emergence of monopoly capitalism leads to increased competition, corporate capitalist exploitation means to strengthen, resulting in decline in the status of workers, strengthen control of monopoly capital in agriculture, leading to agricultural prices, farmers status decline, so the workers and peasant movements flourished during this period. In addition to the bourgeoisie and the working class and the peasantry of contradictions, the most notable contradiction is the contradiction between the races, particularly between black and white is reflected in the two races. During this period, the United States has developed rapidly urbanization; large numbers of people into the cities, rapid urban population growth, there has been a lot of big cities. At a time when blacks flocked to the city. At the end of the American Civil War, slavery was abolished; four million black slaves were liberated. In order to seek a better life, they have left the countryside toward the city. But city life for them is double-edged sword, they live in the city can get a better material conditions, better education, a better life, but city life more difficult, they are in the city encountered many setbacks, more difficulties to be overcome. From the study of the United States starting in the southern region of the southern black urban life "Gilded Age" period analyzed.The first part is an introduction, including the significance of the topic, research status, the main research content and innovation.The first chapter analyzes the “Gilded Age” of American urbanization development. In this period, the rapid development of American industry, the city also will be a massive rise. Antebellum America is an agricultural country, the majority of the population lives in rural areas. Second Industrial Revolution the US industry developed rapidly, but the unbalanced development of the industry has led to regional differences in urban development. The size and number of cities in the Northeast and Midwest cities much larger than and more than the south. Civil war liberated black slaves, many black slaves freed after leaving the southern rural areas, toward the city, and at different times of the defected area blacks are different, urban development in this period of migration and blacks inextricably relationship.The second chapter describes the problems of urban life of African Americans in the “Gilded Age”, focusing on the living conditions of blacks in southern urban areas, including family situation, community life, black education, employment status, and religion. Before exploring the living conditions of blacks, whites, we also need to analyze ideas, living environment, and the social background of the United States. It is worth noting that blacks before the Civil War in American life is not always black slaves, and free blacks, and blacks and their situation was different. Also, the black slaves were tied to the land south for quite a long period of time, after the liberation of them from the countryside into the cities, from slavery into workers, such double shift caused the disintegration of the traditional family patterns of black, black urbanization accelerated, black urban population increase and black lifestyle habits have changed.The third chapter of the southern United States to resolve the characteristics of black urban life in the “Gilded Age”, focused on the southern city of racial discrimination suffered by black ghetto of life, a loss on the culture, also in southern blacks living conditions and the northern part of the city black urban life compared to analyze the differences between the American Society for blacks and whites treat, giving more prominence to the problem of racial discrimination in America.The fourth chapter demonstrates the impact of the “Gilded Age”, the impact of urban life on black and on American society and culture. Action between them is mutual. For black urban life offers better material conditions, the pursuit of higher standards of living, but also to more blacks suffered unfair treatment, psychological and physical blacks suffered a double injury. Blacks came to the southern city, urban development has provided labor to create wealth. Black elite but also for the development of American society and culture contributed to the development.Conclusion summarize the thesis, blacks has made tremendous contributions on American cities and economic development, leaving a deep imprint on the American society, but they have been at the bottom of society and they suffer racial oppression, suffering all kinds of unfair treatment, this physical and psychological blacks have caused great harm, but the black has not given up on themselves, but they choose to struggle to fight for their rights and deserve a better life.