Research On The Activities Of Mine-supervisors And Tax Collectors In Jiangxi Provine In The Wanli Reign Period Of The Ming Dynasty

In the Middle-late Ming Dynasty,with the commodity economy developed rapidly,the society became diversity,Wanli Emperor took a revenge on Zhang juzheng,for Zhang was extremly frugal on Wanli Emperor’s boyhood,therefore he collected money without restraint in order to squander,and to satisfy his craving for gold and silver. Began in the year24 of Wanli, a great number of eunuches were sent to all parts of the country to act as Mine-Supervisors and Tax Collectors(MSTC), who exploited mines and lecied taxes on the populace; Pan Xiang and Li Dao where ones in Jiangxi Province,they taxation areas were quite broad, involving Nanchang city、Jiujiang city 、Guangxin city、 Raozhou city、Fuzhou city、Ganzhou city、Xinjian county、Jinxian county、Xingzi county、Shangrao county、Hukou county、Fuliang county、Ningguo county and so on. All those cities or counties are relatively developed areas, Jiangxi which was one of the most developed Provinces was developed quickly on agriculture, handcraft industry and commerce in the Middle-late Ming Dynasty. Scholars focused their research on macro-level of Mine and supervision taxation, or on some devloped provinces or districts of current society, while paid no attention to Jinagxi Province.In terms of the taxation event that took place at certain period lasted over 20 years, which attracted many researches’ attention, influencing all aspects of Ming Dynasty. Although almost every book related to Ming Dynasty were discussed the reasons why they worked as Mine-Supervisors and Tax Collectors and the influence on economic and social class of that period. At the same time,it need to point out that the period from the end of 1500 s to the begin of 1600 s, which is also an age that European residents exploited American silver flowed into the border of Ming Dynasty, those silvers were connected to those silver extorted from the populace.Those taxes aroused the whole contry’s resistance, the two Mine-Supervisors and Tax Collectors of Jiangxi Province triggered mass uprising at Guangxi,Jingdezheng and Hukou. It is undoubted that those popular rebellion resulted from oppressed of the government,who ended the rebellion by adjusting relevant policies and enlarging correspondent autonomy. In addition, the author found not all of the those Mine-Supervisors and Tax Collectors are vicious by researching some reliable authoritative history books、Chorographies、Epitaphs and notes of scholars. “The ones who conducted and spread evil” Pan Xiang and Li Dao did some good deeds as well, which provided certain benefits to local economy and society, therefore a even broad sight should be given to the research to dig out all aspects information, to grasp a variety of social facts of Wanli regin period fully, thus pull the research into a new realm.