A Study On The Problem Of Farmers Leaving Villages In Jiangxi Province In The 1930s

In modern times,the problem of farmers leaving the village has been deeply concerned by all walks of life.In the 1930 s,due to the aggravation of social crisis,the phenomenon of farmers leaving the village intensified,which caused widespread concern of scholars at that time.At that time,Jiangxi was suffering from rampant banditry,frequent natural disasters and poor life,so a considerable number of farmers chose to leave their hometown.At that time,there were various reasons for the peasants to leave the village,mainly summed up as follows: the impact of the world capitalist economic crisis in1929-1933 on the rural society of Jiangxi Province;the exploitation of feudalism;the heavy burden of taxes and levies;the invasion and war damage of bandits;the influence of natural disasters;the decline of sideline and household handicraft industry;the increase of the contradiction between people and land.These problems are the important reasons for the farmers to leave the village.As for the whereabouts of farmers after leaving the village,their scale,structure,flow direction and outcome are also an important part of the research process.Most of the farmers who are away from the village are working in the vicinity of public works and agriculture.They are not willing to leave home too far.Many farmers will choose the nearby areas.After all,the distance is relatively short,and it is convenient to return to the countryside at any time.So many farmers will choose other parts of the province to reclaim land or flow into nearby cities to become local workers.Some farmers choose to go to the prosperous metropolis,such as Shanghai.However,in any case,the main reason for the farmers to leave the village is to earn money.Due to their lack of knowledge,most of the farmers who leave the village can only earn money by their own labor,and their career choices are also relatively limited.Therefore,most farmers still choose to return to the countryside and continue farming after earning enough money.Faced with such a serious problem of leaving the village,the government of the Republic of China also formulated a series of policies,using various means to prevent the aggravation of the situation.However,in the time of war,when farmers’ life could not be guaranteed,most of the measures adopted by the government of the Republic of China did not get the ideal effect,and some even became the tools for the government to restrain money and engage in corruption,which led to the problem of farmers leaving the village unable to be effectively solved.The impact of farmers leaving the village is diverse.Farmers leave the countryside to work outside,which accelerates the flow of population,drives the economic development,and narrows the gap between urban and rural areas.The agricultural industry in the inflow areas can be developed.A large number of farmers leave the countryside to work in the city,which brings huge cheap labor force to the development of industry,which can promote the development of industry,stimulate consumption and promote the development of the city.Increasing the population size of the city,promoting the process of urbanization and accelerating the modernization of the city.In addition to working in the city,a large number of farmers left the village to farm in other rural areas.The government of the Republic of China also organized a large number of farmers to move to land.For the areas flowing into the reclaimed land,it can reduce the wasteland,improve the local productivity,increase the amount of grain production,and promote the development of agriculture.Of course,the problem of a large number of farmers leaving the village has not only a positive impact,but also a negative one.The saturation of the population in the inflow area led to the local social security problems,the decrease of labor force in the outflow area,and the decline of agricultural level.This was also the reason why the problem of farmers leaving the village at that time caused widespread social concern.In general,the impact of the phenomenon of farmers leaving the village should be greater than the disadvantages.At that time,the government of the Republic of China didn’t realize this,so many policies they formulated did not achieve the desired effect.As for the problem of farmers leaving the village,we should think from various directions.To solve the problem,we should not only restrain the peasants from leaving the countryside,but also pay more attention to the positive influence of farmers’ leaving the village.We should unswervingly promote the transfer of rural surplus labor force,realize that the outlet of rural areas is outside the rural areas,and the fundamental way out to solve rural problems should be institutional innovation.