The Study On The Reverse Orientation Words In Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

“Shang”,“Xia”,“Qian”,“Hou”,“Zuo”,“You”,“Li”,“Nei”,“Zhong”and “Wai”are ten monosyllabic simple reverse orientation words. Besides, “Shangxia”, “Qianhou”and “Zuoyou” are three disyllabic compound reverse orientation words. Firstly,serving as word-forming morphemes, they can be fronting and postposing; Secondly, serving as independent words, whatever they are simple reverse orientation words or compound reverse orientation words, usually they can be synonyms, antonyms and multi-category words. Consequently their semantic cognition, grammatical function and pragmatic culture are quite complicated. Furthermore, very few types of pragmatic culture are studied. Generally, semantic errors, grammatical errors and pragmatic errors are frequently made when international students use reverse orientation words. At the same time, the reverse orientation words are the emphasis and the difficulty of international students who are studying Chinese.Based on the previous studies and current studies, this paper studies on the reverse orientation words in concern of the noumenon study, contrastive study between English and Chinese, error study and teaching study to guide their semantic teaching, grammatical teaching and pragmatic teaching.Some methodologies such as corpus analysis, comparison analysis, error analysis,teaching analysis are adopted, and it makes a comparison analysis among three planes from semantics, syntactics and pragmatics, and it puts forward the error analysis from other three layers: spatial layer, time layer and quantitative layer, and it also has innovated through semantic teaching, grammatical teaching and pragmatic teaching. Chapter one is the introduction, through the analysis of some documents on reverse orientation words, this paper proposes the drawbacks of reverse orientation words in Chinese teaching and study, and then puts forward cross studying of noumenon study between three planes and three layers; Chapter two involves semantic analysis, grammatical analysis and pragmatic analysis, which reflected the imbalance and asymmetry of reverse orientation words by the comparison between the semantic meanings, the semantic sememe, the semantic field, the grammatical characteristics and grammatical functions between English and Chinese, mentioned the pragmatic distribution range and the culture difference through locating the pragmatic distribution on reverse orientation words into common idoms and syntactic structures and analyzing them with according to those related documents; Chapter three mainly concerns the error analysis on reverse orientation words. With reference to the error distribution statistics of other scholars, it collects new data from corpus and cases with high error rate from semantic error, grammatical error and pragmatic error, then classifies them from spatial layer,time layer and quantitative layer and makes some focus study on the semantic errors,grammatical errors and pragmatic errors; Chapter four is the part of Chinese teaching in reverse orientation words. To meet the demand of international students who are studying Chinese, it proposes some suggestions in semantic teaching, grammatical teaching and pragmatic teaching; Chapter five is the conclusion: it summarizes the drawbacks of the study and teaching on reverse orientation words, and generally analyzes the reasons of errors, finally puts forward some suggestions in Chinese teaching on semantic teaching, grammatical teaching and pragmatic teaching.