The Arguments,Questions And The Solutions Between Internalism And Externalism In Contemporary Knowledge Justification Theory

The justification of the conditions for the establishment of knowledge bacome the focus of modern philosophy of science epistemology.The appearance of Gettier’s counterexample challenged traditional definition of "knowledge is justificated true belief",then epistemologists set out to research conditions besides "JTB",Internalism and Externalism were two typical schools in knowledge justification theory.But Internalism and Externalism had obvious differences on this key point of epistemology issue that the occurrence and the justification of knowledge is the result of subject inherent description or caused by external causes or factors.Because since with Platon who as the representative of the ancient Greek Philosophy, philosopher regarded knowledge as justified true belief, so compared to the true belief,the greatest advantage of knowledge was the justification.And the establishment of knowledge had faced the challenge from skepticism.The traditional three elements of knowledge definition include "true", "belief, "justification", from the three elements,the justification of belief occurred in the belief system,the belief always on the basis of beliefs,that made beliefs into a series of an infinite regress argument.While the foundationalism divided the beliefs structure into basic beliefs and non basic beliefs to find the way to solve the problem of regress without using other beliefs to get basic beliefs.However, the establishment of the basic beliefs had been very difficult,the standards of justification of "incorrigible" get the theory of knowledge struggling.at the same time,the Coherentism of Internalism presented their different ideas about beliefs,the Coherentism thought,that all beliefs all have the same cognitive status,whether a belief of a cognitive subject can be justificated, was decided by his entire belief system,it depended on whether a belief cohered with the beliefs that person hold,there is no any beliefs had a "special" status in this system.The attitude to knowledge justification of Externalism was obvious contrary to Internalism,Internalism confirmed the justification as determined by people’s internal state,it is in the cognitive and was directly grasped by knower;while the attitude towards justification of Externalism is that the justification of beliefs were related to knowner’s but we need to consider the effect of external factors on the beliefs besides inner beliefs,althought beliefs came from knowner.Probabilism insist depicting the characteristics of justification with certain possibility of a belief and other relative beliefs,to guide people to use the calculations of probability to study cognitive theory of justification;Reliabilism emphasized that the reliable process was proved to be the necessary conditions for justificated beliefs,when beliefs were linked with the correct way that was a kind of reliable process or mechanism so to make them come true,then the beliefs were justificated and generate knowledge;Plantinga offered the "warrant" to instead "justification",he proposed,that cognitive faculty had the operation of the path of a design plan,only when it was in the proper cognitive environment,the cognitive faculties functioned proper and aim at truth successfully,that was the condition that beliefs can be warranted.Internalism and Externalism had their own perspectives and evaluation standards,but their core viewpoints were tit for tat,Internalism thought,the jusitication of knowledge depended on beliefs,when knowner’s inherent beliefs function,it produced knowledge;while Externalism emphasized,the external factors of knowner would influent the jusitication of beliefs,such as Reliabilism stressed the jusitification of beliefs was confirmed through the reliable process.Aside the mediate the conflict between Internalism and Externalism,we also need to find out the problem existing in the argument between Internalism and Externalism. So on the one hand,the article sorted the arguments between Internalism and Externalism,on the other hand,and analysised the problems and solutions of Internalism and Externalism.