On The Imitation Cifu Of Ancient Korean Scholars Imitated From Tang And Song Dynasties

"Nici" CiFu refers to CiFu which imitated other CiFu by using imitation and Ciyun. Ancient Korean scholars’s Nici CiFu refer to CiFu that ancient Korean scholars imitated CiFu of Tang and Song Dynasties from the aspects of contents, formats, styles and etc. by using imitation and Ciyun. What needs to be pointed out here is Ciyun is one of mCiFu in Heyun (Heyun includes Yiyun, Yongyun, Ciyun). Because ancient Korean scholars preferred to using Ciyun in their CiFu, here I emphasized Ciyun, and called these CiFu "Nici CiFu".The reasons why ancient Korean scholars imitated CiFu of Tang and Song dynasties can be summarized into five aspects:firstly, ancient Korean scholars wanted to learned the experience of creating CiFu from Chinese authors, so they read CiFu by imitation, which can achieve the goal for studying and recreating CiFu; the second reason is for showing their artistic talent, ancient Korean scholars hoped to use their CiFu by using imitation and Ciyun to show their artistic talent; thirdly, they were influenced by psychological pattern of Confucius culture which believed literary critics should base on saints’ words, so they were willing to lean from their ancestors; the fourth reason is for express their own emotion. Ancient Korean scholars hoped to find a same feeling between the Chinese authors and their own experiences by imitating CiFu which can express their life experience and feelings; last but not least, because the features of proses and argumentation in Tang and Song dynasties are good for arguing, discussing and expressing the thought of Neo-Confucianism.Chinese poets in Tang Dynasty who were imitated by ancient Korean scholars are Li Bai, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Li Ao, Liu Zongyuan and etc. Among them, CiFu which ancient Korean scholars imitated Li Bai were lacking of his free and grand artistic features, but themes and styles are fresh and distinctive, which made their CiFu are with unique artistic charm. As for CiFu which imitated Han Yu surpassed his theme which only expressed limitations of his career, ancient Korean scholars made their theme more on the safe and future of their country and people.Chinese poets in Song Dynasty who were imitated by ancient Korean scholars are Su Shi, Ou Yangxiu, Zhu Xi and etc. For imitating Su Shi’s CiFu, ancient Korean scholars focused more on spiritual communication with Su Shi, experiencing Su Shi’s open-minded, positive and free spiritual level, on the contrary, they seldom focused on imitating the sentences in his CiFu. For imitating Ou Yangxiu’s CiFu, scholars in ancients Korea not only imitated his theme, structure, sentence patterns, words and other structural and literary aspects, but also learned his writing style of prose to write CiFu which paid less attention on rhythm. Meanwhile, they also expressed their feeling and thought in CiFu, and their thoughts in some CiFu were even deeper than Ou Yangxiu’s. Zhu Xi’s Spring CiFu, WhiteDeerCave CiFu, and Kong Tong CiFu are elegant with positive thoughts. For imitating these CiFu, ancient Korean scholars extremely imitated thoughts and artistic realm of the original CiFu, which showed the writing style of Neo-Confucianism.There are some features for CiFu of ancient Korean scholars:from the aspect of content, there are more themes than the CiFu from Chinese poets’. Specifically, some themes of imitation CiFu are much deeper, and some themes of imitation CiFu are opposite to the original CiFu, which is creative. Generally speaking, ancient Korean CiFu tend to advocate Confucius spirit and saving the world. For the aspect of form, imitation CiFu of ancient Korean scholars pursued changes from imitation, many CiFu imitated the style of proses in Tang and Dong Dynasties, but ancient Korean scholars preferred to use the form of Sao for imitating. Meanwhile, ancient Korean scholars are good at allusion, which enrich the cultural meaning for CiFu, such as elegance and erudition. Moreover, besides imitating contents and forms of Chinese CiFu, ancients Korean scholars also paid more attention on imitating Chinese poets’ characters, spiritual pursuing.Imitation is one method for ancient Korean scholars to learn and accumulate experience on writing CiFu. Ancient Korean scholars imitated Chinese CiFu are good for accumulating writing experience and improving the development of CiFu of ancient Korean, which enriched the Chinese literary genres in ancient Korea. Ancient Korean scholars’ imitation also became the achievements and forms for literary and cultural communication between ancient Korea and China, which also improve literary and cultural communication between ancient Korea and China.