| This thesis is to research the structure "female article～" (specific types of areonnna～, jyosi～, hujin～, jyosei～), such as "jyosei teacher" "jyosi student" and so on. The survey investigated the time distribution, composition and semantic variations of Japanese female articles. The data was collected from Naoki Prize-winning novels in Japan among latest 75 years, between 1941 and 2015.The results are listed as follows:Firstly, distribution:the number of female article types increased gradually from 1941 to 1989 and reached around 4 types after 1980 years. Secondly, composition:the using of "onna～" is reducing rapidly during 75 years, while the "jyosi～" structure showed a gradually increasing trend; The utilization of "hujin～" structure was increasing in the 1970s～1990s, but fell sharply even completely vanished after 2011; Since 1990, new female articles "jyosei～" and "girl ～"started to be used. Thirdly, following components:when "onna" is read as "nyou" or "jyo", it is usually followed by a Chinese character, which is a relatively old usage; on the contrary, "onna" is often followed by a noun, i whose frequency of use is still increasing; "jyosi ～" is mainly followed by words which are related to education or occupation; "hujin" is usually used to limit the age and is associated with specific professions such as the police; "jyosei" is frequently used in the 1990" s. Its function of distinguishing the sex is remarkable, and usually followed by a general occupation name.However, using the novel data to investigate the changes of female articles, this survey belongs to the first case. Compared with other investigation method, what are the differences? In order to understand these, I used 40 years (1970～2000)’s corpus date, to investigate the changes of female articles.Using corpus data, mainly to analyze the composition, semantic changes and a special example of female articles found in the survey. The results are as follows. Firstly, omposition:the usage of "onna～" and "jyosei～ structure has been increasing in 40 years, especially a great increase in the usage of "jyosei～" structure; the usage of "jyosi～" and "hujin ～" structure has been declining in 40 years; the useage of "jyoryuu～" structure was changing in 40 years, but the change margin is very small. Secondly, semantic changes:"onna" had been commonly used to describe a woman before the popularization of "jyosei". However, compared to "jyosei" the former tends to be lack of respect. So the usage of "jyosei" has became populai in contemporary; "Jyosi" is usually found before a noun related to school. "Jyosi" has the meaning of ignorant in the context of 2000’s. "Jyosi " represents a expanded age range. "Hujin" had been a word shown a great respect for women, but after the 1980’s, there was a trend to be impressed as aged and gradually not to be used; "jyosei" began to be used to address women from the early Meiji period, but after 1990s due to imply respect for women so be widely used, generally addressed women; the meaning of "jyoryuu" remains in 40 years, means a high artistic expression and good taste. Thirdly, the meaning of "hujin" aged and the usage of "jyosei" conform to the trend of the times. so the general call for women changed from "hujin" into "jyosei". But need to pay attention to that, followed by a noun whose meaning changed will influence the using of "female article～" structure.Compared the results above, the semantic changes of female articles are almost the same in The novels data and the corpus data. But the compositions of female article are different between novels and corpus data. Therefore, the characteristic of the novel data is analyzed in this article. The variation of female articles in novels is slower than it in corpus. What is more, the changes of novel data are greatly influenced by the novels’ terms and the theme of the novel. |
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