The Soviet Union Postwar German Military Policy Research(1945-1953)

This paper studies the early postwar Soviet military policy of Germany(1945-1953). So far as the scale and impact of the largest in the history of war,World War II on the development of human history has had a profound impact.After World War II the Soviet Union and China’s emergence as the world’s twosuperpowers, because the impact of the war in Europe is already fading, Britainand France have been relegated to second-rate country in the world, thepost-war occupation of Germany are facing a big country, the world situationafter World War II rewrite. The main contradiction postwar powers embodied inthe disposal of Germany, the German question, whether in war or in the post-waris a hot issue in the Soviet Union seems to Germany for the Soviet Union hasimportant strategic significance. Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko once said:"Europe and the Soviet Union from the safety perspective, the German questionis the most important and critical issue." German issues related to the SovietUnion in the realization of the European security and strategic objectives of theSoviet Union after the war Policy on Germany by many factors and influence, andin different historical periods, according to changes in the international situation,the Soviet Union developed a different policy. Soviet military policy responsewhich focused on German policy changes. Foreign military activity room toimplement a way of national foreign policy. Can gradually develop in the SovietUnion after the war with the United States to compete in the world’s superpower,largely by virtue of its strong military power. After World War II the Soviet Unionand Eastern Europe as the west gate, trying to put the heavily stationed inEastern Europe Eastern Europe completed its strategic defense base in Europe,the German direct direct "dialogue" with the US and British law as a Soviet region, the Soviet movements in Germany are likely to be Look to the West as a signalemitted. Throughout1946in the Soviet Union, led since the Cold War, which wasnot the reason the vast extent on financial conflicts of interest but out ofconsideration on military strategy. This paper mainly in the period after WorldWar1945-1953Soviet military policy changes in Germany for the study, withchanges in Stalin’s postwar military security strategy aimed at the content of theSoviet Union in the postwar Stalin on Germany’s military policy changes due tothe impact of the Soviet Union and the role of the German military policy in theCold War systematically combing and give an objective appraisal of history.In this paper, in chronological order for the study to explore:The first part reviews the changes before and after World War II, the Sovietmilitary and strategic thinking Stalin’s military security. The former Soviet Unionin World War II to focus on industrial production and increase investment inmilitary power, but after the Soviet Union after World War II has been a huge wardamage, but the experience of World War II the Soviet army baptism addsstrength. With Stalin’s postwar foreign military strategic concept and thedominant position in Europe, which began to increase involvement in Europeanaffairs.The second part is a review before the end of World War II, the Soviet Union,the United States, Britain, Germany and France for the problem of attitude andawareness to three important meetings as a starting point for comparison.Casablanca Conference in1943年14to24January in Morocco, held on the firstgeneration of the reason for the German military occupation of the idea of theGerman military occupation of one derived from a post-war history lessonGermany has not been defeated because of a war, but rather actively preparingfor repentance preparing to launch the second war; the second is understandingthe Hitler regime, after World War II allies believe the regime must be completelydestroyed, completely defeated Nazis, so resolution German military occupationto prevent the resurgence of German militarism. But the division of Germany wasfirst proposed this idea is Stalin,1941visit to the Soviet Union of Stalin and British Foreign Secretary Eden referred to this issue in his speech, in December1,1943Tehran conference, although the Soviet Union, the United States, Britainsummit on the problem of how to split the German idea is different, but they allstand divided Germany. Stalin put forward the idea of dividing Germany isconsidered entirely from the perspective of the country’s national strategy. Stalinworried that Germany would repeat the mistakes of the First World War, sobefore the end of the war the main张对德actively implement segmentation.But when the Yalta meeting identified occupied Germany was partitioned afterthe Soviet Union changed the idea of division of Germany. Has been occupiedsince the partition of Germany will no longer pose a threat to the Soviet Union.This is the transformation of the Soviet Union and Germany in terms of attitudeproblem. Allies, Roosevelt advocated as narrow and weaken Prussian territory,he proposed that Germany is divided into five parts, so that each part can becomean independent state; Churchill, Britain is still pursuing a policy of balance ofpower diplomacy, advocated restoring balance in continental Europe nationalsystem. In Yalta Conference February5,1945on the division of Germany duringthe discussion on the issue, the three leaders quickly came to an agreement:Germany agreed to split, but ultimately failed to make a decision on a specificplan for the division of Germany. Yalta division German unification in principle,but after the Soviet Union is no longer advocate Yalta divided Germany. Europeananti-fascist war has been accompanied by a German surrender ended in victory,the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain in1945, July17-August2held ameeting in the suburbs of Berlin Potsdam specifically address them in Europeanaffairs especially with regard to post-war Germany arrangements, and finallyreach a resolution on the division of Germany to abandon the policy of Germany,reaffirmed their commitment to safeguard the unification of Germany.The third part of the early post-war German Democratic Republic wasfounded on the former Soviet Union, the German military policy analysis, thechange from the Soviet Union to Germany’s strategic goals, the Soviet Unionstationed in Germany after the Soviet occupation zone related to the transformation of the Soviet Union and the beginning of the German policy forGermany and the Soviet Union with to investigate the impact of three aspects.Early postwar Soviet striving to maintain the unification of Germany, on the onehand it is because the Soviet Union believes a unified Germany more favorable toits post-war Soviet Union seized huge compensation, on the other hand theunification of Germany but also conducive to the consolidation of the Sovietposition in the European region. If the West of Western support for WestGermany joined in the powerful Western Group, which will enhance the strengthof the Western Group, is bound to make the Soviet Union in the Cold War at adisadvantage. Although the Soviet Union after World War II made a brilliantvictory, but Stalin also very clear with only a military victory will not solve theproblem in Germany, so the Soviet occupation of Germany, the military has takenprecautions to prevent future German aggression. First, the Soviet occupationzone in the Soviet Union conducted a thorough ideological transformation, theNuremberg trials were cleared of the Nazi regime in Germany, laid the ideologicalfoundation for the implementation of military policy. Secondly, in order toprotect the safety of the Soviet Union completely undermine Germany’s military,and a large number of additional troops in Germany, managed military. Third inGermany to establish a Soviet military government, strengthen Soviet militarycoercion. The Soviet Union and not directly in the form of force Germany to sendtroops in this period, but this serious thought and high-handed policy of militaryinfluence on the normal life of the German people after the war, Sovietoccupation zone of Germany could only depend on the Soviet Union The rulingjunta of the Soviet Union became the de facto ruler of the Soviet Union occupiedzone, a large number of Soviet troops in Germany, while German women againstviolence provoked resentment of the German people. On the other hand, theSoviet troops in Germany also affected the US-led capitalist countries of attentionand fear, with the increasing strengthening of the Soviet Union in the Sovietoccupation zone notification to some extent, has also led to changes in Westernpolicy toward Germany, And this change has also led to the Cold War the Soviet Union, led by the two countries.The fourth part focuses on the establishment of democracy in Germany andthe Soviet Union, the German military policy changes. Although the Soviet Union,the United States and Britain at the Yalta conference communique to indicate tomaintain peace in the coming period,"united","continue to promote cooperationand understanding," but the two countries after the war with the Soviet Union inthe post-war world, led by arrangement and on the issue of the German point ofview has been very different. With the start of the Cold War, the United Statesand the Soviet Union began to diverge in the German problem. On the prevailingsituation, the Soviet Union and the US and British occupation zone east Fassiaccounting area has become two separate countries were dependent on theirrespective occupying power is already an established fact, and because of thefundamental differences in ideology and the current system of Germany formallysplit just time. But the Soviets did not realize that in the "Cold War" backgroundjointly controlled by the four countries from the German occupation of thepartition to the official split of inevitability, still trying to cooperate with the Westto ensure the complete and unified Germany. So when the US and British law andactively implement the capitalist system in West Germany, trying to divideGermany into the Soviet Union on the touch sensitive nerves, the Soviet Uniontook the drastic military action, the Berlin crisis that occurred in this context. TheSoviet Union in the Soviet occupation zone with its favorable geographicallocation of the Berlin blockade of traffic that will cause difficulties in this way theWestern countries on the West Berlin district management, thus prompting themto compromise on the German question, but the Soviet Union did not expect theWest This behavior is a strong national boycott result accelerated division ofGermany, which is in fact the failure of the Soviet military policy. In two Germandivision has become an established fact that the German Democratic Republicand the Federal Republic of Germany was formally established, the West began tore-armed German federal, Federal Republic of Germany tried to pull into thecapitalist camp, so the Soviet Union stepped up its military forces deployed in East Germany, Stalin agree German rearmament of democracy, on the Germanquestion, with the West to start tough military confrontation. Soviet militarycoercion and control to the people of the GDR brought heavy pressure, thepressure is also known as the East German workers to strike the fuse, and finallyhad to directly send troops armed Soviet repression, which is the Soviet Unionafter the war The first direct military intervention in the German question.All in all, the Soviet military policy on Germany by the Soviet Union’sforeign policy and the impact of the Cold War international environment, whichshows different content depending on the time, but have to mention the Sovietmilitary policy toward Germany and the Soviet Union are also affected to someextent, and other common law State relations, and even exacerbated the divisionof Germany.