Note On The So-called "Manichaean Caves"in Toyoq Caves Of Turpan

Toyoq caves of Turpan, Chinese Turkestan still retain some unique murals. A half white and half black bone statues can be seen in Toyoq Cave42, trees into columns in land20caves, and the remains such as monks and Pacific World in Cave20. Which was once called as Manichaean painting by Prof. Chao Huashan, because a symbol of the human body contains bright and dark two parts, the trees are representative of the Manichaean Holy tree, and monks and Pacific World also seen the Manichaean scriptures, therefore the Toyoq cave was treated as a Manichaean cave. However, according to the Manichaean theory, binary does not express in the body of Yin or Yang based on Daoism, but with the two kinds of conceptualization of trees, the dark dead trees and light living trees, the a half black and half white bone statues should be said bujingguan, was base on the Manual of the Secret Essential; Trees into columns is base on Amitabha Sutra; monks and Pacific World are in order to facilitate the spread of Manichaeism, Under the guise of the name of Buddhism, cite call from Buddhism. Chao point out that another likely Manichean cave is found at Sangim Ayis Cave North No.4. On this cave’s rear life and the tree of death in Manichaean tenets. However, the two-trees painting technique is belong to realism. Furthermore, there is a monk sitting under the tree, the image is different from that of Manichaean monks with hair. Evidence of the above identified Manichaean, is misreading of Manichaean texts. Through comprehensive comparison, these prove enough that Toyoq Cave serves as Buddhist caves, instead of Manichaean caves.Bezeklik caves served as the royal temple in the Qoco Uighur Kingdom (848-1250), at that time, among them, some belonging to Manichaean cave, such as the Cave Nos.2,25,38, etc. Toyoq caves have been depopulated is different from Bezeklik Cave, data related to Toyoq caves in the age, there were not mentioned Toyoq have Manichaean caves.