The Research Of The Fix And Construction Of The Educational Buildings And Interactive Conditions Of Local Society Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties

This paper was the fruit which came to being during working in Huanggang local chronicles integrated finishing work which was one branch of tutor’s2013National Social Science Fund Project Chu literature of inscriptions integrated finishing research project.The inscriptions of two kinds of literature Huanggang local chronicles and Hubei men’s collection of works were taken as the main material by the paper. Taking the Hubei visible and existent inscriptions materials which were investigated and collected throughout the field in Hubei by project group as supplementary materials. Which aimed to study the fix and construction of the educational buildings and interactive conditions of local society in inscriptions containing educational information. In the main use of statistical analysis and text reading methods and shallow game, the discourse power and charismatic authority theory, reached the following conclusions:There are1005inscriptions in the two kinds of literature mentioned above,135educational inscriptions,207inscriptions containing educational information,137cases have educational buildings fix and construction depiction.Among them, the educational inscriptions refer to the inscriptions which were classified according to the project classification standard, which were different from others such as officials, religious and other categories of inscriptions; inscriptions containing educational information refer to all kinds of inscriptions which contain educational information after classifying, which also include educational inscriptions. While the educational buildings refer to the buildings which are associated with the educational environment. These kinds of buildings include the county schools, state schools, Fu prefectural schools, academy of classical learning, Confucious1temples, private or community-run schools charging no tuition, community schools and other schools, and sheds of examination, guild hall, Wenchang Pavilion and other buildings for exams.This137inscriptions are all commemorating the credit of establishing schools. In the fix and construction process, people are divided into officers, gentry and scholar and common people three sectors to analyze. In initiator, requiring fix and construction and donor parts of the three sectors are in descending order. But according to their ratio to explore, officials have less donor than the initiator and requiring fix and construction, which is the behavior of exchange the power in making up money; gentry and scholar and common people both have more donor than the initiator and requiring fix and construction,which is the behavior of exchange money in making up power. But both of which are in order to compete for the main powers. This contention is also reflected in the views of the experts of geomantic omen, who are partners of gentry and scholar for the charge on the powers, or the reinforcements invited by gentry and scholar, and whose words is a logical retroactive recognition, so these experts are distrusted and repelled by officials. And the attitude of officials to the experts of geomantic omen is in essence the challenge accepting behavior after the challenge of gentry and scholar. However, compared with the game between the gentry and scholar and officials, common people trust experts deeply for rational and practical thought. But this kind of support for the experts of geomantic omen improves the gold content discourse of the experts of geomantic omen, therefore this support indirectly converted into another support for gentry and scholar who game with official.In the interactive game, gentry and scholar are subdivided into gentry and scholar two sectors, common people are subdivided into worker, businessmen and peasants three sectors. Ideally, officials and scholars who will pay back their idol Confucius and their environment for reading and examination in one side. In reality, officials are in order to establish charismatic authority at the local society, scholars are in order to improve the reading and examination environment which is close to their vital interests. Ideally, gentry fix and construct educational buildings for a good reputation.In reality, the behaviors of them are in order to compete with the officials for authority and maintain their power. Businessmen, workers and peasants will get materials trading opportunities, financial income and means of production or farming opportunity before, during and after the fix and construction activities.So they will follow the fix and construction activities which are leaded by officials.To explore the contents of these137inscriptions which are credit forestablishing schools, it also did not succeed during the construction. Which the reasons are lacking of material basis of insufficient funds, delayed and neglected attitudes of principal and rudderless condition and lost the core power which has been gathered together after principal left and so on. The subjective need for active courage and will in quality and attitude of principal and the authority which come into being gradually of principal as the center, which reflects from the side that successes fix and construction of the buildings is a process to bring principal individual talents and slowly accumulate personal charismatic authority.