The Differentiate Of Dragon And Phoenix Patterns On Bronze In Period Of Shang To The Western Zhou

On the naming of bronze animal decoration patterns in the period of Shang to Zhou, definition of dragon and phoenix patterns has no uniform standard in educational circles. Some decoration patterns which have both the feature of the image of dragon and phoenix with more chaos on the naming. For example, one is called dragon patterns in this bronze but be called phoenix patterns in that bronze. The first task of this article is trying to define the dragon and phoenix patterns with two aspects, one is the contents are contained by patterns and the other is the feature of modeling of patterns.The author aimed at gluttonous patterns in the academic circle has also made new discussion in this one. Gluttonous patterns has been researched as a separate category by the academic circle, because of the mentioned a song "The tripod in the period of Zhou cast gluttonous patterns, which have heads but no bodies" referred to "Mister Lv’s Spring and Autumn Annals" and so on. Although some scholars also tried to explore the relationship between dragon and gluttonous patterns, but all gave speculative discourse from the level of virtual, therefore have no substantial academic performance. In this paper, the author cope the patterns of dragon and gluttonous from the picture information about bronze in period of Shang to Zhou with the largest scope, compare the each part in detail with these two types of patterns, prove gluttonous patterns is a form of dragon patterns consequently.As for partition of design category with dragon and phoenix patterns, the older generation scholars for classification is based on all patterns, its category is too big and finely, in fact, there is no classification. Some later scholars compose the bigger category, take certain parts as classification criteria, but some patterns have no this part, so cannot classify all patterns frequently. Then replace other feature to classify is likely to cause the classification criteria uncertainty.The author start with the perspective of resolving primary and secondary contradictions, think of category classify should have unitive standard of focus on the overall, that is, the most representative body organs with all patterns have. By contrast and classify repeatedly, the author found the only criterion finally to classify accurately and clearly, that is based on the tail of the model. In particular, dragon patterns is based on the design of body and tail, phoenix patterns can divide into tailed and tailless, tailed phoenix patterns is based on the design of the tail which after the feather.This paper is based on theory of Marxist philosophy and used Wang Guowei’s dual attestation as the research method, try to crack the important history case on the Bronzes research. Firstly, combined with literature information to define the chaotic criterion on the classification of dragon and phoenix patterns. Then, based on abundant first hand information to argument gluttonous patterns is a form of dragon patterns detailedly. Meanwhile the author contrast relevant literature information, point out the fundamental mistake that the ancient name "kui" and the contemporary present "gluttonous patterns" renamed "beast-face patterns". Last but not least, on the classification of dragon and phoenix patterns’ design, the author overcome past unfixed criterion, found the only and the most representative criterion and classify accurately and clearly. Above is the core and also is the innovation in this paper.