Study On The Restoration Of Xizhimen Gate Of The Beijing City In Ming And Qing Dynasty

Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasty is the imperial capital of the last three dynastic empire in chinese history, with 500 years’ construction, repair, reinforcement through Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, it formed a nearly perfect feudal empire city pattern of the outer city, inner city, imperial city and palace, it is a combination of China and the oriental ancient civilization and wisdom.Central Axis is the backbone of Beijing, city wall is the skeleton, which together constitute the overall structure of the city. The walls and gates, with its magnificent scale, perfect layout, exquisite craft, become a concentrated expression of Chinese capital planning, military defense, the etiquette system and exquisite architectural image in the late feudal society.The gate is the sign and symbol of Beijing, is an important historical node where people perceive and experience the geographical characteristics of Beijing.Xizhimen gate is the largest one of all gates in Beijing except the existing Zhengyangmen gate, and it is the longest existing and best preservation gate except the survived gates, as well as the only city square gate together with the Dongzhimen gate.At beginning of this paper describes the background under the historical background of carrying forward the traditional culture. Then based on historical documents as the clue, site survey of existing gates and building, a comprehensive reference to the relevant systems and related historical research, big style architecture, ancient architecture technical and other information, using inductive analysis, drawing applications, case analysis and other methods to start a specific study on the basis of previous studies.Secondly, study on the construction process of Beijing’s historical development, then describes the components of walls and gates from the perspective of the defense, as well as the setting, number, size, purpose of components and the role.Thirdly, research to the Xizhimen gate, through the study of historical documents, the name of origin, geographical location, history and archaeology, clarify the development of Xizhimen gate.And study on Xizhimen’s historical environment including the street lane and the surrounding buildings of the area and the important nodes, clearly illustrate the history of the Xizhimen gate region during the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and introduces the function and role of Xizhimen gate in the Empire in the feudal society.Then, the elements of Xizhimen gate are discussed in detail, including the overall layout and elements: Urn, tower, watchtower, gate building, Guan Yu Temple, city moat and gate bridge in the overall layout of the position, with the study of the elements of the gate of architectural form, building size, building height, architectural form.At last, according to the specific details of Xizhimen gate’s historical data, geographical environment and the constituent elements, introduce the basis and method of rehabilitation of historic buildings, follow the ancient building technology and engineering practice of Qing Department to study the general layout of Xizhimen and the single building, and the building shapes, bucket mouth system, beam layout, structural features and all the information for research of restoration.The study contains overall layout, single building, the size of details and the process of generating, then display the results of the study.In this paper, through in-depth study of Beijing and city gates’ history, restoration of Xizhimen gate, can help understand when the region cultural status, features and the surrounding areas of Xizhimen City, the historical development, the construction of the system. Systematic study of the history of Xizhimen environment, overall layout and the gates of each monomer form, fight system, structural characteristics, beam arrangement and so on, and carries on the research of restoration. The gate building construction scale of information and expression of the full inheritance through the process and results of the gates of Xizhimen, rich text data, the previous research results of three-dimensional visualization.Through in-depth study of the history of Beijing and the gates and the restoration of Xizhimen, we can understand cultural situation in the region, and the gates and the surrounding areas style, Xizhimen’s historical development, and the gates related construction system. Systematic study of the history of Xizhimen’s environment, overall layout and the gates of each monomer form, fight system, structural characteristics, beam arrangement and so on, and carries on the research of restoration. Through the process and results of research, the shape size and other informations of the gates is inherited and expressed, rich historical graphic of Xizhimen, and make the results of previous studies of three-dimensional visualization.