The Type Literature Study From The Viewpoint On The New Century Literature Field

In the 1990 s, Chinese Contemporary Literature began to enter a new era. With the development of market economy and the structural reform in the field of culture, literature found its own way to run by getting rid of the government’s supervision gradually.Literature works increasingly become a kind of commodities and enter the market circulation. Especially from 2002—after China joined the WTO—the market trend and commercialization trend spread all over in people’s social and daily life. And economy has become the main battlefield in the new time. Thanks to economic development, people’s living standards improved day by day, as well as the demand for cultural consumption. At the same time, the function of entertainment of literature has been strengthened. Great development of new media technologies such as the Internet provides a new stage for contemporary literature. Furthermore, it also revolutionized the original literary production and publication mechanisms. The Chinese Contemporary Literature formed its artistic principle in accordance with the laws of market. The combination of economic and technology led to the bread-up of "politics- Literature-People" three dimension system in the new period and the formation of New Century Literary Field, which obeys market rules. Type Literature is born in this historical context.The purpose of choosing Bourdieu’s “Field” theory as the main perspective in this paper is trying to sort and comb the deep structure and essential relationship in the New Century Literary Field through the noisy surface. The paper also referred to Michel Foucault’s Theory.In order to meet the rising demand from market and satisfy the expectations from readers, the Type Literature writers follow the market rules and readers’ demands to create one after another miracle in reading market to get economic capital to enter The New Century Literary Field. The accumulating capitals(mainly refers to economic capita and symbolic capital) become a kind of power, which helps the Type Literature writers build their own discourse system and operate rules which becomes the main art law in The New Century Literary Field. The Type Literature writers adopt strategies right being in line with the time context to occupy the location and move space in the new field, and take the discourse power from the elites in literature eventually.The rapid development of the Type Literature caused attention from the traditional literary elites such as writers and literary critics. The literary elites finally began fight for their threatened status after avoidance measures has been taken for a long time through language attack. Then they changed the methods and tried to regain their dominance in the literature field as the last attemption such as communications and cooperation. The Type Literature however occurred in market environment not in the national system, so the Type Literature writers only abide by the market rules. Literary creation has been regarded as a kind of daily practice that everyone can participate in. What is more, the literature becomes a means of making money and a way of entertainment. The Type Literature writers gain capital by many different ranking lists, and accumulate capital by industrial operation in literature, all the capital transform into the power to against the elites, express dissatisfaction for the real life, and get emotional venting. The mode of "Fighting back + Winning in Life" showed in the Type Literary narrative is a good example, which right express and deliver a massage of survival metaphor in the real life.Experienced a transition in the 1980 s,the Chinese Contemporary Literature finally owned its independence from the influence of national discourse authority and entered into the 21 st century, where the literature seems to stay out of politics. However, when trying to understand the New Century Literature world, the relationship of power and the redistribution of interests will be found in the construct of the New Century Literature Field. The prosperousness of Type Literature is not only a metaphor of humans’ existence anxieties, the relationship of power behind its production and consumption also reveals the pan-politicization tendency and the nature of cultural politics.