Two Jins And The Southern Dynasties Gongfupizhao System

Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)is an important election officer system.During the Wei-Jin Period and the Southern-Northern Dynasties,Gongfu(公府)includes Bagongfu(八公府)and Weiconggongfu(位从公府),Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)is the Fuzhu(府主)from the provision of aides and subordinates of an official system.Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)system originated from the Western Han Dynasty,and developed sustainably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.Under the background of the prevalence of aristocrat politics during the Jin Dynasties and the Southern Dynasties,became a tool to maintain the privileged.Compared with other official way,Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)gave a lot of advantages of entering political stratum to the intelligentsia juniors.The first step of being officials was to formulate grades of officials,after that the election of official would rely on family background and talent.What’s more,Fuzhu’s(府主)personal preference directly determined the right of selection.Entering the official career from Gongfu(公府),the offical career of the intelligentsia juniors was very smooth,most of which are officer to three or more.while the Hanmen(�'门)become an offical in Gongfu(公府)is very difficult,recommend and campaign become unspoken rule.But even so,Hamen(�'门)also scanty.Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)was tightly combined with the intelligentsia in Two Jins and the Southern Dynasties.The system of selecting officials was holding by politics of powerful families and becomes a tool to maintain the privileges of aristocratic families.In order to maintain the privileges,the relationship between Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)and Jiuping Zhongzheng(九品中正)system tied closely.Zhongzheng Pingdi(中正品第)became the basic condition of Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)and intelligentsia juniors born with additional advantages had access to enter officials.intelligentsia juniors nearly monopolized Gongfupizhao(公府辟召).During the Jin dynasties,while the intelligentsia attached importance to Gongfupizhao(公府辟召),the number of intelligentsia’s entering political stratum was very big and took an overwhelming advantage,so the system has became the first choice of high intelligentsia.In the Southern Dynasty,due to the strengthening of imperial power,the system of selecting officials began to take back to the central.With a sharp decline in the number of talents by Gongfupizhao(公府辟召),however,the phenomenon what Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)predominated hadn’t changed,eventually the system(公府辟召)existed in name only in the Chen Dynasty.The system in the Southern Dynasties encountered different circumstances,which decided different attitudes of the intelligentsia.During the Jin Dynasties,the intelligentsia scrambled for it.In the Southern Dynasties,the strengthening of the central imperial government made Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)losing many opportunities,the official career becoming more difficult,so it made many scholars give up this way.In addition,Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)had great influence on the political situation in the Jin and South Dynasty.First of all,as an selection system for senior officials,it made the subordinates and Fuzhu(府主)form a community of interests.In the case of the decline of imperial power,scholars was generally representative of the government officials to occupy the public and use the Pizhao(辟召)right for the benefit of the tribe or stakeholder.During the Eastern Jin Dynasty,under the background of this,the existence of aristocratic politics of powerful families developed,the imperial power was weakened,and the power family was strengthen.Therefore,when the imperial power declined,there would appear that the aristocratic and royal governed the country together,so it was in the when strengthening the imperial power,the central government would make every effort to remove Gongfu(公府)privilege,and suppress the gentry.In order to maintain the central imperial authority,and keep the rules,central imperial authority,and keep the rule,as the embodiment of nobles privilege vassal,Gongfupizhao(公府辟召)arised and declined with the intellgentsia.