Study On Morocco’s Language Policy And Education In One Century(1912-2012)

Morocco is a multilingual country. At present, Morocco’s official language is Arabic and Berber, other main language is French and English. Thus, this article focuses on the formation and evolution of this multilingual phenomenon whose emergence is through the language policy and its implementation. It is should be noted that the implementation is done in the educational practice, for it can promote and spread Morocco’s own culture and character by teaching certain language in the certain curriculum in school. On this basis, this article tries to comb different language policies and education from the angle of history stage.According to the history stage, this article introduces the language policy and education in three stages:the colonial period(1912-1956), from independence to21st century (1956-2000)and after2000(1956-2000). Thus, this article is divided into five parts:The first part is the introduction of Morocco education, it includes the brief introduction of Morocco, the education of before the colonization period, during the colonization period and after the independence period. This introduction will pave a way for the following introduction of the language policy and education.The second part introduces the language policy and education in the colonial period under French rule. In order to strengthen the colonial rule, French authority carries the French language policy and educational policy which makes French as the main language so that it will improve French’s status and weaken Arabic. Considering the difference of Arabians and Berbers, French carries out different implementation: give Arabic the French-Moroccan education under the civilized mission and Berbers the French-Berber education under the separate and rule. Although the colonial period lasting44years, its French language policy has an important effect on Morocco’s education, human resource and language.The third part focuses on the language policy and education after independence. In order to eradicate the colonial color, the government sets out Arabization language policy and makes Arabic as the sole official language. In the implementation Process, National education ministry explores the process and achievement of the language policy by different development plans. The language policy also faces many problems like incomplete Arabic vocabulary, diverse Arabic and so on. Influence includes the development of Arabic and the emergence of the diversified language policy of the21th century and expansion of the class hierarchy.The fourth parts introduces the language policy and education from2000to2001. In2000, Morocco carries out a new education reform project--national education charter. This charter reflects the new language policy, that is improve the teaching and use of Arabic, learn several foreign language and opens up the Berber. Thus, this part focuses on the diversified language policy. It will be divied into three parts, the first emphasizes the content and aim of the Arabization language policy in the charter and its try in the educational area. The second introduces the Berber language policy which includes its formation, implementation, problems and influence. The third parts focuses on the the content and aim of the foreign language policy in the charter and its try in the educational area. Although it doesn’t mention the name of the foreign language, it is considered to be French and English.The last part is the conclusion, which is the overview of the whole article and prospection of the language policy in Morocco. The factor of history, population and culture determines the Morocco can’t have a single language policy and one education language. Thus, the future tendency of Morocco’s language policy is still the diversification.