Study On The Railway Protection Villages (1933-1945) The Special State Of Villages In The Northeast During The Period Of The Japanese And Japanese Puppet Reign

The railway protection villages are the grass root administrative villages with thecharacteristic of military, economic and enslaving thought. The villages wereestablished during the period of Japanese puppet reign and were controlled byKwantung army At that time, Japanese puppet authority carried out a policy reformingthe whole villages on the both side of the railway lines within the scope of5kilometersin order to ensure the railway safety and military, economic transportation in thenortheast as well as provide Japan with intelligence.After Mukden Incident, Japan raided a militant-occupied the northeast area ofChina, it grabbed the railway construction right and operation controlling right throughthe Japanese puppet authority. The invader made use of the construction right to widenthe invasive scope and penetrate far into rural areas. And they used the operation right toseize economic resources and transport the military goods and materials. The control ofrailway transportation intensified Japanese colonial rules. What is more, the railwaydepartment directly engaged into the military colonial activities. The very concretereflection of anti-Japanese struggle was the damage to the railway, although Japaneseinvaders put down and impeded by any means, in any way our anti-Japanese fires but itdid very little. In order to safeguard the railway and realized economic plunder andmilitary expansion. In June1933, Kwangtung army passed resolutions and decided topopularize the campaign of the protection villages along the railway lines. In1935,Japanese villagers moved into from Japan set up reliable villages on the both side of therailway lines within the range of2kilometers which certainly belonged to the scope ofthe protection villages mentioned above. Seeing the whole development of railwayprotection villages,Manzhou railway head quarter tried to extend this form to all therailway lines that it controlled in northeast China and even the Japanese puppetgovernment. During this process, this kind of villages has broken the family mode thatdepended on relationships and kinships and set up some organizations which parted onages and gender. Also, the development of railway protection villages is a process ofbeing organized. With its name changed into railway protection regiment in1938, itscharacter became more “organized”.As railway protection villages have been set up, railway headquarter of the Japanese puppet decided to achieve the goal of the development of railway protectionvillages that it was for safeguard mainly. On the one hand, they weaken the village rootof agricultural foundation; on the other hand, they consolidated the villages character ofsafeguard gradually, attempting to change the state of villages from earth depend torailway depend. Thus make villages real railway protection ones with the particularstate of “safeguard came first and farming came after”.The propaganda work that Japanese puppet railway headquarter carried out mainlyled the public opinion as well as the safeguard work, by which they could aggressvillagers in a soft way. Japanese puppet government reached the goal of colonial rule inpolitics, robbery in economics, transportation in military and slavery in mind by railwayprotection movement. Those villages became the information centers for Japan to getanti-Japan messages and places for them to spread their colonial thoughts at the sametime. All these behaviors helped to deepen the colonial characteristics of these placesheavily, which made railway protection villages a special one that mixed of colonialcharacters in politics, economy, military, and enslaving thoughts.