Shangcheng Immigration Study Between Late Ming Dynasty And Early Qing Dynasty

Immigration is an important field of study of history. This paper studied theShangCheng county, which located in the eastern south region. There have been severallarge-scale immigration in history. Under the immigrants’ influence of late Mingdynasty and early Qing dynasty, the immigration in county is extremely active.The arival of the ShangCheng’s imigration between the late Ming and early Qingdynasty has its own natural factors and historical social background. In terms of thenatural conditions,the hydro-climate in ShangCheng is warm and wet. This close to thesouthern climate, to cater to the south the survival needs of immigration.ShangCheng islocated in the subtropical yellow brown soil zone, the soil structure is not only suitablefor rice cultivation, but also suitable for the growth of tea, tung oil and Chinesemedicinal herbs. The mountainous hilly region in the south of the ShangCheng alsosuitable for growing corn, potatoes and other crops. For this purpose, the ShangChengirrigation and water conservancy facilities have developed earlier, and have formed aperfect water conservancy facilities, which was a good base for agricultural productionand made agricultural reclamation more easier. Because of the beneficial locationconditions and convenient transportation, ShangCheng become a path to a large numberof immigrants, but also become a hub of trade and commerce. In terms of its historicalsocial causes, it mainly embodied in the following three aspects: Firstly, a ShangChengwar and famine frequently between Ming dynasty and early Qing, led to the loss andloss of population, it is this also provides the foundation for postwar immigration.Secondly, government reclamation, in addition to the waste collection order and faminerelief, etc. The promulgation and implementation of policy, this provides a good policyin immigrant condition.At the last,beyond the plant and influential military and civilianand military reasons such as household has also the troops also prompted the arrival ofimmigrants. It is the natural and historical social comprehensive conditions, under thejoint action of formed the ShangCheng of migrants between Ming dynasty and earlyQing dynasty.General situation of the ShangCheng immigration between late Ming dynasty andearly Qing mainly reflected in three aspects. Firstly, population changed after theimmigration. The arrival of a large number of immigrants changed the population statusof ShangCheng. After the immigration, the population of ShangCheng increased year byyear, and the population growth rate exceeded the natural per capita growth rate in thesame period. ShangCheng’s population growth rate was not only higher than that in thelate Ming dynasty, but also exceeded the national population growth in early Qingdynasty. Secondly, ShangCheng immigrants can be divided into the following fourtypes according to the characteristics of immigration and immigration motivation:homeless immigrants, familial spontaneous immigrants, military immigrants and commercial immigrants. Thirdly, due to a combination of political and geopoliticalrelations, the time immigrants moved in ShangCheng is different. Therefore, themigration of immigrants is different due to different types.Immigrants’ moving between late Ming and early Qing dynasty causedmulti-faceted effects on the ShangCheng society. First of all, the immigrants into theShangCheng made a lot of land be cultivated, food production increased, thuscontributed to the rapid development of industry and commerce. Secondly, immigrantsattached great importance to the traditional culture education, which revived theprosperity of culture and education in ShangCheng. All over again, a large number ofimmigrants brought customs around the world to ShangCheng in the late Ming andearly Qing dynasty. Different regional culture collided and absorded, at then formed aunique folk custom culture. Researching ShangCheng immigration’ reason, generalsituation and influence between the late Ming and early Qing dynasty from the perspective ofregional social history can not only to reveal mall immigration history, but also providean example for the study in the history of immigration in the Ming and Qing dynasty. Atthe same time, hoping it can broaden research of the regional social history.All of theseare the aims of this study.