A Study On The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood In The Mubarak Era (1981-2011)

Hassan al-Banna established the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in1928, it hasimportant influential Islamic groups in Egypt and the Middle East region. The MBhas experienced five stages of development: the Constitutionalism era, the Nasser era,the Sadat era, the Mubarak era, the Post-Mubarak era. During Mubarak’s ruling30years, the Mubarak governments take a different policy towards MB. In the Mubarakearly period, in that Egypt’s environment at home and abroad, Mubarak governmentsadopted the tolerance policy towards the MB, the MB actively participate in thepolitical, social and economic life in Egypt. In the Mubarak middle and later periods,the MB developed about ten years, it’s influence has been changed and posed achallenge to the government. Mubarak governments adopted the control policytowards the MB, weaken the MB’s influence in the political, social, economic field asfar as possible. In the Mubarak era, the MB further improved the organizationstructure, and put forward some main ideas, at the same time also taken an active partin all aspects of the activities of Egypt: in the political field, the MB taken an activepart in People’s Parliamentary elections; in the social field, the MB tried to penetrateto the university campus and industry associations; in the economic field, the MBparticipated in the country’s economic construction.The development of the MB in the Mubarak era, there are three main reasons:the first, the MB adopted flexible and practical tactics; the second, the MB insisted onnonviolent position; the third, the MB had the strict organization and deep mass base.In the Mubarak era, the development of the MB also has a certain influence onEgypt’s political, social, economic field: the MB became an important part of politicallife of Egypt; the MB actively participated in the field of social life in Egypt; the MBalso accomplished in the field of Egypt’s economy. But, in the Mubarak era, thedevelopment of the MB also had deficiencies. The operation of the MB in the field ofsocial activities has deficiency, and there is a divergence within the organization.Partly this is bad for the development of the MB in the future.In this Thesis, I reach three conclusions. The first, in different periods, the Mubarak government policy towards the MB, shows that the complexity of themodernization of Egypt. The second, after the "1.25" revolution in Egypt, the MBquickly from behind the politics scenes to the front desk, to a certain extent, indicatesthat the MB has good development in the Mubarak era. The third, the ruling of theFreedom and Justice Party that subordinate the MB has one only year, it was oustedby the military, reveals that the development of the MB has inherent defects anddeficiencies.