| Yunnan Copper Administration in Qing dynasty is a significant topic to the research on the history of Qing dynasty. Copper transportation, as an important part of copper policy, has become a valuable academic issue for further study in recent years. Based on previous studies, from the perspectives of history of cartography, transportation and mining, with the help of the results of historical research and field trips, this paper explores and sorts out maps of Yunnan in Qing Dynasty in order to find out locations of Copper plants and detailed Copper transport routes and draw the complete map of copper transportation routes finally.The paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduced research background, purpose, previous work. The problem, research methods and innovations also are clarified in this part.The second chapter sorted out historical maps of Qing Dynasty in Yunnan, explored the links between them, and probed in formation about mine plants in the maps. Dian nan kuang chang tulve by Wu Qijun and Bo lin tushuo, as an important national atlas, were compared from the perspective of the history of mining. It is found that the maps in Dian nan kuang chang tulve were from Bo lin tushuo. The paper concerned and explored another author of Dian nan kuang chang tulve Xu Jinsheng, at last, it is indicated that the value of these maps is limited though the maps of copper plants and transport routes in Yunnan chronicles is significant to the research on mining, so it is impossible to clarify copper plants and transportation by these figures, then further researches are needed to draw accurate detailed copper roadmap.The third chapter researched on explicit locations, producing and managing history, and branches of12copper plants, which are tangdan plant, lulu plant, dashuigou plant, maolu plant, ningtai plant, dagong plant, baiyang plant, debaoping plant, wanbao plant, xiangshupo plant, jinchai plant and laodongping plant. Based on accurate locations of these plants, we showed directly the outlet of the plants by drawing maps of route from plant to copper collection house, in which the station passing by and corresponding carriage were marked. The research on locations of copper plants is the core of this article, in which historical maps, modern topographic maps, satellite images, photos and other images are used to investigate it.The fourth chapter began with the impact of geography and climate on communications, and introduced ancient road system and post road network in Yunnan. On this basis, it analysed Copper transportation system in Qing Dynasty in Yunnan, which included routes for Beijing, for10provinces and for Yunnan. Maps of routes were drawn out while discussing transportation routes. In this part, the complete picture was showed intuitively with the help of roadmaps of copper transportation in Yunnan and Yunnan abroad.The fifth chapter concluded main points in this paper, introduced some methods and other things. Features and influences of copper transportation project were also discussed. Finally, further research was discussed.This article was focused on a comprehensive study of Qing Dynasty in Yunnan Copper transportation routes. We concentrated on the research on maps, including historical maps and modern maps, in order to show a great picture of copper transportation project in China’s southwestern region for a hundred years of Qing Dynasty. The paper has important academic significance and modern value. |
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