The Research Of Yunnan Copper Mining Industy From Kangxi To Yongzheng Period

Before Ming and Qing dynasty, the community economy of Yunnan can not catch up with Central Plains. However, copper industy has undergone a long history in Yunnan province. Since Qing dynasty, Yunnan community economy begin to boom, for massive mining metalurgy industy exploitation-especially copper mining industy, for one thing, density of population raised; for another the economic is booming. The output of copper growing explosively in Qianlong period. From Kangxi to Yongzheng, it is the key point for copper industy of Yunnan.During Kangxi period, the develop of Yunnan copper mining turned from"free exploitation"to"payment in advance for copper", and management rights turned from businessman to government of Qing empire. There are some bad sequence such as corrupt policy and so on, so social contradictions became more acute. At the beginning of Yongzheng period, some official punished for those kinds of phenomenon, however, it was not solve the problem fundamentally.From Kangxi to Yongzheng, the copper mining speed of development was so great which profit from the situation from home and abroad. For one thing, with the economic growing, coin quantity demanded raised; for another, import of copper from Japan become less and less, which made the problem seriously. The empire did everything they can do, first, no matter Kangxi or Yongzheng, emperors tried their best to save copper trade with Japan. They also send traders to abroadto look for new copper source.Second, they had make the utmost possible effort to save enough copper. At last, they made strict rules to prevent copper export. The suceed of Yunnan copper mining is just because all these policy above failed. Copper in Yunnan gradually substitute import ones from Japan, to become raw material for coin issued by Qing Dynasty.The empire accords great importance to copper mining industy in Yunnan which stabilized currency policy of Qing empire; the increased of copper quantity set the government free from threat of crisis, and accelerate the development of local economic. Wherease, the local environment crushed by copper industy, even worse, the local employee from bottom class living so poor that can hardly keep survive or health, who was always neglected by their managers, officials and so on, and never gain their benefit from economic development.