The Research On----Base On The Donation System And Practice In The Guangxu Dynasty

Donate, began in the Ming period of Jingtai. In early Qing Dynasty by the army provisions or initiate project needs, have been held in temporary contribution. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the Qing government was repeatedly, fiscal run behind one’s expenses, plus the war, river, relief without need of large sums of money, the government had only in case of performing regular contribution. Among them, the contribution of Qing larger scale, setting of different types, including donating real officer, donated bearing, donated promotion, donated distribution, donated frequency, supplementary pension donation, donated calendar, plus, donated complex office, donated free pension, donated free examination, donated exemption expires, donated free. Donation, from the province, and the corresponding reference conditions of donor funds, donated, should donate steps and finally won the grade are strict and perfect provisions. Not only that, this system can be implemented in Guangxu dynasty. According to the author only" Qing Dynasty official resume full series" in response to single of statistics, Guangxu dynasty has3143people, be cast to donate, thus become the official career. Guangxu period contribution system is caused by the overall decline in the quality of career stases, officials, and the corruption of the drama, but its positive side also can’t be denied. Contribution is the disaster relief needs, solve the problems of people’s livelihood; contribution is the defense of the frontier of the motherland needs, safeguard national security; contribution to some extent to alleviate the financial crisis; collect new talent into the official may. This comprises have five key components:The first part is the introduction, is the first chapter. It consists of topical genesis and papers, review of the academic history, the main content of the thesis and the problems, this paper brief introduction and research method of section four, its purpose is through previous research on contribution system of backtracking, seek the logical starting point of the study, at the same time the heavy difficulty, core materials to advance account.The second part through" dictionary" collect, communicate with the concept," Qing Dynasty official resume full series of biographical films and some experience" folding historical materials on Kangxi, Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi in collect case history, and a summary of each contribution towards characteristics.The third part introduces the Guangxu years collect category and related major laws and regulations. The reign of Emperor Guangxu contribution category mainly coastal defense, disaster relief donation, donation of river. By the author of Qing"," collect rules governing official department appointment rules" of text interpretation of donor, ginseng, funds, should donate condition step, won the duty to explain.The fourth part from the donation practice’s research, donated promotion,donated distribution shifts, donated supplementary pension, donated calendar, donated complex office, donated free, donations, donations from the province and nine aspects. Qing contribution system implementation details, which summed up the Qing contribution system implementation of the six major characteristics:the contribution of behavior frequently, collect many tricks, bureau of area a wide range, big donate, donating mainly stop opened repeatedly, businessman collect phenomenon.The fifth part of the frequence of Qing contribution system. It consists of the positive significance and the problems and limitations of two parts, this article from the contribution is the disaster relief needs, contribution is the defense of the frontier of the motherland, the need to collect a certain extent alleviate the financial crisis, collect new talent into the official may four aspects to explain the positive contribution system; then from the finance function, the whole official quality, career stases, institutional authority of four aspects to explain the Qing contribution system practice problems and limitations.