| Aim: Recently, more and more studies support that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, the tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-associated factor-6(TRAF6), transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1(TAK1), which are the key elements of the inflammation signal transduction, is still unclear in epilepsy.Methods: Pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model was established. The gene and protein expression levels of TRAF6 and TAK1 were detected in different conditions. After the 5z-7-oxozeaenol treatment(TAK1 inhibitor), the changes in TRAF6, TAK1, P-TAK1, IL-1β levels, neuronal survival and apoptosis, seizure activity were tested.Results: The expressions of TRAF6 were increased after SE, reached the peak in 7day, maintained at the high level to 30 days, and the TAK1, P-TAK1 levels were increased after SE following time. After the 5z-7-oxozeaenol treatment in epileptic rats, TRAF6-TAK1-P-TAK1 signaling protein expressions were reduced, inflammatory cytokine IL-1β expression was decreased, neurons survival index was improved, the neurons apoptosis index was decreased and seizure durations were alleviated.Conclusions: the expression of TRAF6 and TAK1 are related to the progression of epilepsy. The TAK1 inhibition provides neuroprotection in epileptic rats. TAK1 might be used as a potential intervention target for epilepsy treatment.Aim: Ageing is associated with generalized slowing of movement. Comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA) is a common way to determine the health and function status for elderly. Gait speed is an indicator of physical performance. The present study aimed to determine whether the gait speed could replace the CGA to assess the status of the elderly.Methods: 531 participants aged 60 or more years were recruited from inpatients and community population in this study. The CGA was performed, including sociodemographic information, neuropsychological assessment, nutritional status, social support and physical health assessment. The data of the medication was collected from the medical records, mental status and nutritional status was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form(MNA-SF) Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) was diagnosed by a professional physicians. Moreover, timed gait speed(m/s) was assessed over 20 meters at a usual pace. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of gait speed was constructed to determine the optimal threshold of gait speed for CGA components.Results: 285(53.7%) participants had a low gait speed(gait speed≤ 0.8m/s). Gait speed was associated with age, some chronic diseases, disability, nutritional status, part of social support, multi-drug used, depression, mild cognitive impairment, length of hospital stay. There is no significant difference in gender, work type, education, lower extremity joints disease, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, cataract, tumor, house income and subjective sense of happiness. ROC curve showed that the optimal threshold of gait speed between MCI and cognitive healthy individuals was 0.73m/s(sensitivity: 67.6%, specificity: 68.3%).Conclusions: gait speed only reflects the status of some chronic diseases, disability, MCI, depression and length of hospital stay of the elderly. Thus, our present results do not support that gait speed may replace CGA to assess the status of the elderly. |
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