| Ganoderma sinense belongs to traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is one of the six Chi, First recorded in the “ the Shennong Bencao Jing”, it has the treatment with “ attending deaf, advantageous to arthrosis, protecting and keeping the spirit, having strong bones and a good color. Taking it long time can be not old or not sickness”. In this paper, chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of G. sinense were reviewed. The research contents of this paper include the herbalogical textual research, pharmacological research of curing fractured bone, and the chemical constituents of fruiting bodies of G. sinense.According to the ancient and modern literature, the herbalogical textual was studied in aspect of source base, efficacy, geographical distribution and morphological characteristics of G. sinense. The result showed that G. sinense was also named as Mu Chi in the ancient time, also further confirmed G. sinense consistent with the ancient records, provided a reference for the identification of G. sinense species resources.In terms of effects of curing fractured bone, physiological model of rat radius fracture is established and the fracture-healing effect of different polarities of G. sinense fruiting body extracts is discussed. G. sinense fruit body extracts were obtained by using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water as solvent. Radius fracture models were established by 144 rats with equal numbers male and female. The fracture models were divided into 8 treatment groups randomly fed with different extracts of G. sinense. On day 10, 20 and 30, the formation of callus tissue and histopathologic changes of viscera and fractured parts were observed by X-ray and optical microscopy. Content of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum were detected. Iconography results indicated that different G. sinense extracts had different levels of fracture-healing effect. Decoction extract showed obvious fracture-healing effect. On day 30, callus formed, fracture line disappeared, marrow cavity restored and fracture almost cured. Water extract showed weak fracture-healing effect. The fracture-healing time of rats in other 3 treatment groups were similar to model control group. Histopathologic study demonstrated that decoction and water extracts had no harmful influence on spleen, thymus, liver and other visceras. After day 10, by observing bone tissue slice, large amount of mesenchymal cells were observed on the edge of the tissue in the 7 model treatment groups. However, cartilage connection were observed in decoction-feeding group. On day 20 in decoction-feeding and water extract treatment group, fracture edge mesenchymal cells degenerated and fracture part were wrapped by small amount of collagen fiber; proximal chondrocyte around broken bone degraded and trabecular bone connection turned into lamellar bone. Cartilage connection were formed in other treatment groups. On day 30, there was no significant difference between collagen fiber and normal periosteum at fracture part in decoction-feeding group. Fracture edge mesenchymal cells were degraded in the other 7 treatment groups. Ca content is significantly different between decoction-feeding group and model control group(p<0.01). P content in the groups treated by petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract and decoction was significantly different from model control group(p<0.01). As far as alkaline phosphatase content, decoction-feeding group showed an increased tendency as compared with positive control and model control group. In conclusion, decoction extract of G. sinense fruiting body have very good radius fracture-healing effect.In terms of chemical composition, firstly the contents of polysaccharide, triterpene, sterol, anthraquinone in the fruiting body of G. sinense were determined. By extracting in grads, isolating and identifying from the fruiting bodies of G. sinense, four compounds were isolated and identified respectively as β-sitosterol, ergosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, ergosterol peroxide, and kaemferol by using silica gel column chromatography and other methods, combined with the nuclear magnetic resonance. Both ergosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaemferol are first found from G. sinense. |
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