Identification Of Vetor Species And Investigation Of Diseases In Alashankou Port

Objective: We surveied the population of the rodents, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, ceratopogouidaes and detected the insect-borne disease(IBP) at Alashankou port in order to establishment the “DNA barcode” to identification the vector and resolve the pathogen spectrum in the rodents, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes and ceratopogouidaes and expound the propagation mechanism of IBP in human-host-vetor and the law of the IBP across species / cross-border propagation. Finally, we provide the basic information to assess the risk of IBP.Method:(1) During from 2014 to 2015, we used the rodent trapping and mousetrap capture to investigate rodent, the net trap associating with lamp to investigate the mosquito and ceratopogouidaes, the free-ticks were collected by drag-flag method, and blood feeding ticks and fleas were collected from wild.(2) The morphological and COI, 16 S r DNA, Cytb and ITS identification were carried out based on representative vetors.(3) The African Swine Fever, Bluetongue, Vesicular Stomatitis, Lyme Disease, Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis and other insect-borne disease were detected by the Elisa, PCR or RT-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced with BLAST and phylogenetically analyzed by Mage 6.0.Result:(1)The dominant vetor species were Rhombomys opimus, Xenopsylla minax, Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum, Dermacentor marginatus, Culex modestus and Cerodentopogonidae homotomus, respectively.(2) We found that the identificatation of the 16 S r RNA sequence of Rhombomys opimus, Cricetulus migrodentorius and Allactaga sibirica, the COI and COII sequence of Xenopsylla minax, the 16 S r RNA and ITS sequence of Culex modestus, the 16 S r RNA, 28 S r RNA and Cytb sequence of Ochlerotatus Culex and the 16 S r DNA, COI, 12 Sr RNA and ITS sequence of Haemaphysalis erinacei weren’t match with the morphological.(3) Anaplasma DNA was detected in 3.39% rodents, and the Rickettsia DNA was detected in 42.9% fleas, and the Wolbachia DNA was detected in 3.33% mosquitoes. The anavage positive rate of Borrelia spp.,Anaplasma, Erhlichia,Rickettsia,Coxiella burnetii and Babesia were 45.44%, 14.95%, 12.82%, 12.04%,17.48% and 11.26% in ticks, respectively.Conclusions:(1)The Anopheles vagus,Culiseta alaskaensis,Anopheles claviger,Rhipicephalus turanicus,Rhipicephalus bursa for the first time were found at Alashankou port.(2)We firstly reported the 16 S r RNA sequence of Rhombomys opimus, Cricetulus migrodentorius and Allactaga sibirica, the COI and COII sequence of Xenopsylla minax, the 16 S r RNA and ITS sequence of Culex modestus, the 16 S r RNA, 28 S r RNA and Cytb sequence of Ochlerotatus Culex and the 16 S r DNA, COI, 12 Sr RNA and ITS sequence of Haemaphysalis erinacei.(3)The Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia caballi, Babesia occultans, Babesia spp., Wolbachia, Erhlichia spp., and Rickettsia raoultii nucleic acid were detected in Alashankou. Our findings suggest that H. erinacei parasitizing wild marbled polecat may serve as reservoir and carrier for Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Rickettsia raoultii and Babesia spp. in areas around the China-Kazakhstan border.(4)Notably, IBP isolates from Alashankou showed genetic diversity related to the routes followed by migrodentory birds in the area. The results of this study suggest that Alashankou acts as a natural reservoir for multiple IBPs originating from various lineages. IBPs in Alashankou may pose risks to the health of terrestrial mammals, migrant birds, and human tourists. International cooperodention is needed to survey IBPs and diseases at the level of the tick–wildlife interface.