| ObjectivesNot only the health of smokers were endangered by tobacco, but also the health of passive smoking people were under threat, especially in the growth and development of the childreno Based on the principle of convenience sampling, to learn the passive smoking situation of urban and rural school-age children of shandong province, the present passive smoking situation of school-age children in Jinan city and Juancheng county were researched, children’s passive smoking influence factors and parents education on children’s passive smoking influence factors were analyzed. Implement the health education intervention on school-age children of Jinan city,reduce passive smoking in school-age children, improve the level of children and parents’knowledge attitude and behavior,and evaluate its intervention effect, propose effective measures and suggestions.SubjectsRandomly selected from 2 downtown primary schools and 1 suburb elementary school in Jinan city.Randomly selected from 2 county primary schools,1 rural primary school in Juancheng county,two classes of grade 3-6 each parents and all the students respectively were randomly selected, a total of 2453 people as the object of investigation.MethodsThe passive smoking status survey were convenience sampling.The survey questionnaire was referenced by he ministry of health/WHO core research project to passive smoking questionnaire.On the basis of current situation investigation of children and their parents in Jinan, children in Jinan were intervened.The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.The statistical description of count data was adopted by rate and constituent ratio, the comparison of them was compared byx- test,the comparison of the ranked data was compared by Wilcoxon test, the influence factors of binary classification variables were analyzed by Logistic regression,x-test or Spearman rank correlation were used by the correlation analysis of count data, P<0.05 was statistically significant.ContentsSurvey contents passive smoking survey questionnaire of children, including 7 items 33 titles,including demographic data, people around smoking status and passive smoking of children,the tobacco harmfulness cognition,attitude of smoking control, the action of passive smoking,passive smoking related education, students’smoking status.Passive smoking questionnaire of parents,including 7 items 35 titles, including demographic data, family smoking and smoking cessation, the tobacco harmfulness cognition,attitude of smoking control,themselves avoided passive smoking,protection for children avoid passive smoking, discourage smoking to parents.Intervention contents Students in Jinan 3-6 grade each randomly selected one class to intervene, given children the intervention with the lecture, brochure issued is complementary, homemade tabloid can made children participating in activities, a four-month intervention.After the intervention, by comparing the passive smoking rate of intervention group and the non intervention group,and comparing children and parents about the knowledge and attitude and action of passive smoking.The passive smoking intervention group was compared before and after the intervention.Results1 The results of present survey of children(1)Jinan and Juancheng had 2246 children,1202(53.5%) of Jinan children, 1044(46.5%) of Juancheng children.1228 (54.7%) of the boys,1018 (45.3%) of the girls,<8 year 234(10.4%),9 year 440(19.6%),10 year 731(32.5%),11 year 506 (22.5%),>12 year 335(14.9%),different gender between different ages had no statistical significance (P>0.05).(2) The passive smoking of all was 26.5%.The passive smoking rates of the boy(30.9%) were higher than girl’s (21.1%)(p<0.01).Passive smoking rate of Jinan children 18.3%,suburb 26.3%,county 28.7%,country 43.2%,passive smoking rates of the lower region was higher than high ranked region (P<0.01).Passive smoking rate between different ages had no statistical significance (P>0.05).(3)The top three areas of children passive smoking were:home,public places, transportation.(4)Single factors analysis showed that parents and grandparents and peers smoking rates of the passive smoking children were higher than the non-passive smoking children, the difference had statistical significance (P< 0.01).The difference between them of parents’ educational level and professional had the statistical significance (P<0.01). The differences between of children’s awareness of the dangers of tobacco except passive smoking can cause lung disease and bronchitis were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01);The differences of tobacco control except the people smoking affect their learning were statistically significant (P< 0.05 or p<0.01).The difference of parents had passive smoking related education have statistical significance (P<0.01).(5) The multi-factor Logistic regression analysis of passive smoking showed the protective factors :girls,who didn’t agree with only the active smoking was harmful to the body (OR=0.625,0.625).The follow factors were risk factors:suburbs, county, rural parents, parents, grandparents, partner at least one person smoking, who didn’t agree with should ban smoking in public places,with the parents did not teach children how to do when someone smoking in front of them(OR=1.531,1.531,1.531,1.531, 1.825,1.452,1.447,1.318).2.The present survey results about the children passive smoking of parents(1) Passive smoking more than 15 minutes a day though children questionnaire was 11.9%, parent questionnaire was 9.8%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).(2)Single factors analysis showed the differences of severe passive smoking rates between different degree of education, profession,family income, areas, they had statistical significance(P<0.01).The differences of severe passive smoking rates between the known about the passive smoking and the danger of passive smoking on their own and children were statistically significant (P<0.05 or< 0.01).The differences of severe passive smoking rates between tobacco ingredients and passive smoking causes disease and passive smoking and smoking harmful to the body were statistically significant (P<0.01).(3) The multi-factor Logistic regression analysis of severe passive smoking showed that the protect factor of the severe passive smoking:parents known that secondhand smoke contains CO(OR=0.655).The risk factors were:suburbs, county, village, one of the parents smoking,smoking only harmful themselves (OR=2.366, 2.366,2.366,3.122,2.793,1.711).(4) The smoking per day of parents to children severe passive smoking rates have the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and with the increase of smoking, severe passive smoking rates were rising trended (P<0.01).Parents obey discourage smoking to severe passive smoking rates had the difference was statistically significant (P<O.05)(5) Non-smokers parents to children’s education and protection were better than smokers,they were statistically significant differences (P<0.01);there had trend of passive smoking education rates and protection between different region,the trend had relation with children’s passive smoking rates (r=l, P<O.01). There also had the connection between passive smoking education and protection measures,the Person r = 0.321.(6) Single factors analysis showed that the difference of passive smoking education rate of different areas,cultural levels,profession different income,parents smoking.They had statistically significant (P<0.01);The follow factors inference the prevention education rates and the rates had the statistically significant (P<0.01):Parents known about passive smoking,smoking and passive smoking both harmful to the body, the dangers of passive smoking on the body, the harmful components in tobacco, passive smoking related diseases, about passive smoking harmful than active smoking, attitudes to smokers.(7) The multi-factor logistic regression analysis of the education rate of passive smoking showed that protect factor clear passive smoking was associated with cardio-cerebrovascular disease(OR=0.772). The risk factors:unclear of passive smoking or never heard of passive smoking, passive smoking less harmful to the body, harmless or not clear, unclear about passive smoking related diseases, think that smoking was normal, it didn’t matter,or other attitude (OR=2.261,2.167,1.425,1.265,1.772,1.495, 1.387,1.634,1.063).3.The compare results of the county and countryside of Juancheng childrenJuancheng county,1044 children, the boy of 585(56.0%),the girls of 459 (44.0%). Passive smoking rate 33.0%, rural children passive smoking rates 43.2%higher than the county children 28.7%,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01).County and rural parents in the cultural level and professional composition was different, the difference was statistically significant (p<O.01).The awareness of the smoking and passive smoking both harm to the health and the harmful degree of passive smoking had statistical significance (P<O.01), the avoiding passive smoking in public places and transportation measures had statistically significant (P<0.01).4. The intervention results of children passive smoking in Jinan(1) All the children in Jinan 1207,648 (53.7%)of the boys,559 (46.3%) of the girls.The passive smoking rate of all was 20.8%, suburb children was 26.2%which is higher than that 18.4%of urban children.The difference was statistically significant (P<O.01).(2) Before the intervention, intervention group and non-intervention group children about passive smoking rates, gender, age, cultural level and occupation, parental smoking frequency and passive smoking knowledge, attitude and behavior are no statistical significance (P>0.05).After the intervention, the intervention group about the knowledge, attitude and behavior of passive smoking were better than the non-intervention of children, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or<0.01).15.0%of passive smoking rates of intervention class is lower than the intervention class 21.9%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.0\).(3) After intervention, The intervention group,passive smoking rates 15.0% lower than before 20.2%,the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).The passive smoking knowledge of intervention children were higher than before. They were including:passive smoking related diseases, the cognition degree of dangers of passive smoking on the body.The attitude of the passive smoking was better than before:the parents should not smoke in front of the children, smoking should be banned in public places, the surrounding people smoking was harm for children, schools should carry out education of tobacco control,the behavior about the advise smoking cessation was better than before, differences are statistically significant (P<0.05 or 0.05).5. The intervention results of parents about passive smoking in Jinan(1) Before the intervention, the demographic data, the dangers of tobacco knowledge, the protection behavior to avoid children passive smoking between intervention class and non-intervention class have no differences,the difference are no statistical significance (P>0.05).After the intervention, passive smoking tobacco related knowledge awareness rate of intervention group was higher than the no-intervention group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);By Wilcoxon test, father smoking per day of intervention group is lower than the non-intervention group CP<0.05).(2) After the intervention,tobacco related knowledge of parents have improved than before, the differences were statistically significant (p<O.05 or 0.01), when people smoking in the home,advising him quit smoking was better than before,the difference was statistically significant (.P<0.01).By Wilcoxon test, father smoking per day is lower than before (P<0.05).Conclusion1 Jinan and Juancheng county school-age children passive smoking rates at a high level.2.The influence risk factors of passive smoking in children:boy, underdeveloped region,the people around smoking, unawareness of the dangers of tobacco, wrong attitude towards smoking phenomenon, parents’uneducated about passive smoking on children.3.The influence risk factors of parents’uneducated about passive smoking on children were as follows:lack of awareness of dangers of passive smoking, hold the wrong attitude about smoking.4.Lectures, brochures and doing the tabloids can effectively reduce the children’s passive smoking rates, improve children and parents knowledge level of passive smoking. |
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